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Sodium is alkali metal having only 1 electron in valance shell, while copper is transition element having 10 electrons in its outer most 3d sub shell. In copper there are more chances for overlapping of the orbitals because in Copper there are more delocalized electrons which hold the positive ions more tightly. Anyhow both have delocalized electrons that's way both are good conductor of electricity

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10y ago
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12y ago

Due to the presence of delocalized free electrons in both the metals...

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12y ago

Softness or hardness has nothing to do with conductivity.

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Q: Why Sodium is softer than copper but both are good conductors?
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Why Sodium is softer than copper but both are good conductors of electricity?

In sodium and copper it is the s electrons delocalised accross the lattice that contribute to the electrical conductivity. The extra bonding due to d orbitals in copper, a transition metal, contributes to its hardness and higher melting point . Both sodium and copper have metallic bonds. Sodium is an alkali metal and there are no d electrons, wheres copper is a transition metal. In the alkali metals the only force of attraction between the metal atoms is due to the delocalisation of the s electrons. In transition metals there is an extra attraction due to the d electrons. Copper has one of the lowest heats of formation of the transition metals the d electrons contribute less than in the lighter members. Hardness is a poor measure IMHO of metallic bond strength, as hardness can be related to the density of lattice dislocations.


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