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This is due to the resonation process that gives the allusion of all bond lengths being equal. In fact the bonds are in a state of constant flux and 'blend' into one. It is much like the apperance of a helicopters rotar blades i.e. in flight it appears as a blurr but whilst stationary it is clear that there are simply two blades
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The paragraph above is incorrect. Forget the fan blade and helicopter rotor analogies for resonance. There is NO evidence that bonds are jumping back and forth between a single bond and a double bond. That's just wrong. Resonance structures are simply an attempt at representing with Lewis structures something which really can't be represented with Lewis structures, that of a "partial" double bond.
In carbonate ion, all of the carbon-oxygen bonds are identical, and have a length somewhere between that of a single bond and a double bond. The bond order for the carbon-oxygen bond in carbonate is 1.33. The partial double bond comes from delocalized pi bonding.
In addition to the single bond between the central carbon and each oxygen, there is a delocalized pi bond between the central carbon and each of the oxygen atoms. There is overlap of the p-orbital on C with each of the p-orbitals on the oxygen atoms, but there are not enough electrons for three double bonds. It is this additional pi bonding which makes each of the carbon-oxygen bonds have a bond order of 1.33, and a bond length and bond strength between those of single and double carbon-oxygen bonds. ----- Pisgahchemist
Wiki User
∙ 9y ago
Wiki User
∙ 14y agoDelocalization, these bonds are hybrids, ( more like one and one half bonds) than single and double bonds when we look at length distances and bond angles, read up on "aromatic compounds" and the chemistry chapter on "aromatics"
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Why does bromine react with hexene but not benzene?
Adding halogens to alkene groups (X2) requires that the product adopt an anti configuration. Hexene will also lose its double bond upon bromination. Benzene is energetically unfavorable when a reaction attempts to break its double bond. The resonance benzene has makes it very stable, and thus very hard to break.
How many carbon atoms are there in the molecule hexane?
There are no double bonds in benzene. In a benzene molecule, every carbon is attached to another two carbon atoms and to a hydrogen atom. Then there is a free p-orbital to every carbon atom. All of these over lap to form delocalized orbitals. It is experimentally proved that C-C bond distance in benzene are all the same and liebetween the actual lengths of a C-C bond and a C=C bond. In the valence bond description of bonding there is resonance between two principal forms, each has 3 double bonds. The net effect of the resonance is very similar to the molecular orbital approach above.
Are the bonds between atoms in benzene ionic or molecullar?
covalent bond because the electrons are shared equally
What are the equations of hexane benzene and acetylene in the Baeyer's test?
Hexane and benzene do not react in the ignition test. Only acetylene does. Acetylene has a triple bond if equivalent amount of KMnO4 is used. The equation is HCCH + KMnO4 -> HC (OH) = CH(OH).
Why are the bond lengths in no3- all identical and shorter than a nitrogen-oxygen single bond?
NO3- has three resonance structure. One double bond between N and O and another two N - O single bond. Since the double bond can be formed between N and any other O it is said that it has a resonance structure. This means that the true structure of NO3- is not any of this structure, but rather a hybrid of all three. Hence all 3 bond lengths would be identical AND shorter than single bond as it is basically an average between single and double bond. It is of course longer than a double bond
Which compound contains a longer C-C bond benzene or ethene?
c-c bond length in benzene is 1.397 angston and that of ethene is 1.34 angston structure of benzene is a resonance hybrid, therefore all the c-c bond lengths are equal but different from those in alkanes,alkenes, and alkynes.
Why c-c bond are equal in benzene due to resonance?
The two resonance configuration is equally probable in benzene. i.e. all the c-c bonds have 50% probability of single bond and double bond. As a result all the bonds become equal.
Why in benzene c-c bond lengths is same?
It is in constant resonance. I.e. the double and single bonds constantly switch so fast, that you cannot give an accurate length of a bond.
What is the bond order for the benzene molecule?
1.5
Why single and double bond length are same in benzene?
In reality, benzene does not contain alternating single and double bonds. It is more accurate to say that each carbon-carbon bond is in an intermediate state between a single and a double bond. Benzene therefore displays a property known as resonance.
Why does hydrogenation have no effect on benzene?
If you could add a pair of hydrogen ions to any double bond of the benzene ring it would not be benzene anymore, on the one hand.
Monomer of benzene?
As the molecular formula for benzene is C6H6 so acetylene CH Triple Bond CH should be its monomer.
Benzene is what kind of bond type?
Benzene has covalent bonds. Each of the six carbons in benzene is sp2 hybridized meaning the ring has both sigma bonds and pi bonds. Benzene is aromatic meaning its pi electrons are delocalized and form a pi system.
Is a benzene ring stable?
Benzene has the structure C6H6 so should have double bonds but it does not instead it has a unsaturated electron above or below it. This is also known as an area of high electron density.
What bond length accounts for stronger bonds?
Shorter bond lengths. N2 is very strong with its triple bond.
Does NF3 have unequal bond lengths?
yes it dose
Why does bromine react with hexene but not benzene?
Adding halogens to alkene groups (X2) requires that the product adopt an anti configuration. Hexene will also lose its double bond upon bromination. Benzene is energetically unfavorable when a reaction attempts to break its double bond. The resonance benzene has makes it very stable, and thus very hard to break.
