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Why are mutations such as nitrogen-based additions often much more harmful than nitrogen-based substitutions?
Jchiu
Insertions or deletions causes much severe mutations because they generate frameshift mutations. For example: The sequence AUA-GGA-UAU-CCU is normally translated to I-G-Y-P A substitution such as AUC-GGA-UAU-CCU has no effect on the amino acid sequence because of redundancy in the codon table. (AUC and AUA both code for isoleucine) Another substitution such as AUA-GGA-CAU-CCU is a bit more severe because it changes the sequence to I-G-H-P. However, since only one amino acid is changed, the overall protein may only be slightly affected (however there are instances where a single amino acid change can drastically change the behaviour of the protein, e.g. sickle cell anemia). A deletion such as AU_-GGA-UAU-CCU is much more severe since to the ribosome, the new sequence is AUG-GAU-AUC-CU (a 'frameshift'), and it will be translated as M-D-I, which is completely different from the original sequence and will likely cause the vast majority of the amino acids after the deletion to be incorrect, creating a completely useless protein. An insertion such as AUA-GGA-UAAU-CCU will now be read as AUA-GGA-UAA-UCC-U, which is translated to I-G-Stop-S. This introduction of a premature Stop codon will truncate the protein, once again generating a useless protein.
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Is point mutation lethal?
No. Point mutations, or those resulting from a change in one or a few nucleotides at a single location in a DNA sequence. There are two types of point mutations: base substitutions and frameshift mutations. Not all mutations are in these coding sequences but if they are, then the result can be different or non-functioning proteins. They are considered to be neutral, beneficial or harmful. Two harmful point mutations are sickle cell anemia and polycystic kidney disease.
Why are some mutation not harmful?
Some mutations can be deadly, harmful, or have no effect. Correct, not all mutations are harmful. Some mutations could even have a positive effect and help the creature adapt.
Is substitution mutations or insertion mutations worse?
Insertions generally are more harmful. An insertion causes a "frameshift" to occur, thus changing the entire amino acid sequence of the entire strand. Substitutions only change one base, which can sometimes not mess up the amino acid sequence at all.
Are genetic mutations always harmful to the individual?
Genetic mutations are not always harmful to the individual. A few may be beneficial.
What kind of mutations do you think would be harmful to an organism?
The majority of mutations that organisms get are harmful or neutral. Cancer is an example of a harmful mutation. So are certain genetic diseases and deformities, like an extra set of limbs.
Are all mutation harmful?
Mutations that succeed [are beneficial] provide Evolution, so not at all.
Do all mutations affect the protein results?
No. Point mutations may have no effect on the protein, however, they can also be very harmful.
How do gene mutations happen?
mutation are caused by radiation and are 99.9% harmful
Can mutations be beneficial?
They can certainly be either. When researching it closely scientists have found a lot of mutations which don't seem to have any influence. "Bad" mutations tends not to be functional, and often disappear pretty much by themselves one way or another.
How can mutations be detrimental to an organism?
They are not always harmful. in fact, often they are not. There are many different mutations, but genetic mutations can occur and be harmful to humans. it is important to understand that Genes are not there to cause diseases or be harmful. if a gene is transcribed incorrectly or copied incorrectly, this can result in a single letter of DNA ommitted in a chain. This is harmful because the different parts of the body that transcribe DNA or RNA will not be able to transcribe it as it was intended to be transcribed.
Why do mutations tend to be harmful instead of helpful?
Not all mutations are harmful. The improvements in creatures through evolution are from beneficial mutations. The beneficial mutations increase the creature's chance of survival and passing along those new beneficial genes to its offspring.
What will occur to the genes over generations of offspring that can be beneficial harmful or neutral?
Mutations
