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When a fuse interrupts a current flow it is usually under a short circuit condition. This is a very high current flow and when the fuse lets go the metallic strip inside the fuse vaporizes. This vaporization of the fuse link generates a very high heat. Without containment, this vaporization in itself could cause a fire. That is why the fuse link is encased in a cartridge There is a tendency in AC circuits that when a circuit is opened the current doesn't want to stop flowing. Fuses have to compensate for this phenomena. In High Rupture Capacity (HRC) fuses the fuse link is encased in silica sand inside the cartridge. These fuses are for high current applications where the arc from the vaporization of the link must be extinguished fast. The heat from the arc melts the sand and turns it into glass. Glass being a very good insulator stops the current flow instantaneously.

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