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The Marginal Social Cost (MSC) is the Marginal Private Cost (MPC) + the Marginal External Cost (MEC). As an example, a pulp and paper mill might produce paper using a supply curve of MPC = 4Q. The mill pumps its effluent into a river. The effluent then travels downstream and a village that gets its water form the river has to install purification systems. The installation of purification is an external cost borne by the village but attributable to the mill. Now if the mill took into account his external cost and factored it into its cost structure, thereby not allowing raw effluent to get into the river and saving the village the cost of installing purification systems, the company might find that MSC = 6Q (MEC = 2Q). No matter what the Demand function equals, the Equilibrium just went to a higher cost and lower output.
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Is it possible for perfect competitive market to be inefficient?
It is possible for perfectly competitive markets to be inefficient when externalities are present. Externalities arise when an economic activity has an unintended impact on other economic agents and/or the market. This results in there being a socially optimal level of production that does not coincide with the privately determined equilibirum level of production derived from the supply and demand curves (which, respectively, represent the marginal private costs and marginal private benefits to producers and consumers). With respect to the efficiency of markets, positive externalities result in too little of the good in question being produced. In this case, the market equilibrium is lower than desired (the marginal social benefit curve lies above the marginal private benefit [demand] curve). In this case, the efficient market outcome would occur where the marginal social beneift curve interests the marginal private cost (supply) curve. When negative externalities occur, too much of the good in question is being produced. This results in the supply curve, which represents the marginal private costs of production, lying below the marginal social cost curve because the private cost curve fails to take into account the costs of production incurred by all of society. In this case, the efficient market outcome would occur where the marginal social cost curve coincides with the private marginal benefit (demand) curve.
How will equilibirium be determined under discriminating monopoly with two markets?
It will be so because it will not achieve a social equilbrium of marginal benefit (demand) = marginal cost (supply). It will instead set a private profit equilibrium where private benefit (marginal revenue) = marginal cost and thus create a deadweight inefficiency equal to the difference in total social surplus between the regions.
When the marginal social cost is greater than the marginal social benefit what happens?
inefficient overproduction
Social cost benefit analysis?
Summary Social cost/benefit: sum of all private costs/benefit. Social welfare analysis: involves optimising social outcomes based on cost/benefit. Optimal occurs: where marginal social cost (MSC) = marginal social benefit (MSB) Is used for: cost of economic choices, policies, initiatives, etc. Longer Explanation Social cost-benefit analysis is also known as 'welfare analysis' and is very similar to normal firm optimisation models. Essentially, social cost and benefit usually involve a private producer or consumer and a public provider or public demand. In these cases, the private cost/benefit of the private actor differs from the social cost/benefit. A social cost/benefit is simply the sum of all costs and benefits of all private actors. Cost is represented on a cost-quantity axis as a positively-sloped function (linear or higher power) and benefit is a negatively-sloped function. Their optimisation occurs where the derivatives of cost and benefit (marginal social cost; marginal social benefit) are equal. This point is where profit/social welfare is greatest.
How do you determine optimum production?
Three important cases: Total productive surplus is maximised at consumer equilibrium. Total profit is maximised when marginal cost = marginal benefit. Social welfare is maximised where marginal social cost = marginal social benefit.
How is market failure cause environmental degradation?
It is when the private marginal benefits or costs are not equal to social marginal benefits cost. Therefore, result could be likely market failure.
Is it possible for perfect competitive market to be inefficient?
It is possible for perfectly competitive markets to be inefficient when externalities are present. Externalities arise when an economic activity has an unintended impact on other economic agents and/or the market. This results in there being a socially optimal level of production that does not coincide with the privately determined equilibirum level of production derived from the supply and demand curves (which, respectively, represent the marginal private costs and marginal private benefits to producers and consumers). With respect to the efficiency of markets, positive externalities result in too little of the good in question being produced. In this case, the market equilibrium is lower than desired (the marginal social benefit curve lies above the marginal private benefit [demand] curve). In this case, the efficient market outcome would occur where the marginal social beneift curve interests the marginal private cost (supply) curve. When negative externalities occur, too much of the good in question is being produced. This results in the supply curve, which represents the marginal private costs of production, lying below the marginal social cost curve because the private cost curve fails to take into account the costs of production incurred by all of society. In this case, the efficient market outcome would occur where the marginal social cost curve coincides with the private marginal benefit (demand) curve.
How will equilibirium be determined under discriminating monopoly with two markets?
It will be so because it will not achieve a social equilbrium of marginal benefit (demand) = marginal cost (supply). It will instead set a private profit equilibrium where private benefit (marginal revenue) = marginal cost and thus create a deadweight inefficiency equal to the difference in total social surplus between the regions.
When the marginal social cost is greater than the marginal social benefit what happens?
inefficient overproduction
Social cost benefit analysis?
Summary Social cost/benefit: sum of all private costs/benefit. Social welfare analysis: involves optimising social outcomes based on cost/benefit. Optimal occurs: where marginal social cost (MSC) = marginal social benefit (MSB) Is used for: cost of economic choices, policies, initiatives, etc. Longer Explanation Social cost-benefit analysis is also known as 'welfare analysis' and is very similar to normal firm optimisation models. Essentially, social cost and benefit usually involve a private producer or consumer and a public provider or public demand. In these cases, the private cost/benefit of the private actor differs from the social cost/benefit. A social cost/benefit is simply the sum of all costs and benefits of all private actors. Cost is represented on a cost-quantity axis as a positively-sloped function (linear or higher power) and benefit is a negatively-sloped function. Their optimisation occurs where the derivatives of cost and benefit (marginal social cost; marginal social benefit) are equal. This point is where profit/social welfare is greatest.
How do you determine optimum production?
Three important cases: Total productive surplus is maximised at consumer equilibrium. Total profit is maximised when marginal cost = marginal benefit. Social welfare is maximised where marginal social cost = marginal social benefit.
What is the relationship between the MSB, MSC, and graph in the context of economic analysis?
In economic analysis, the relationship between Marginal Social Benefit (MSB), Marginal Social Cost (MSC), and the graph is important for understanding the efficiency of a market. The MSB represents the additional benefit society receives from one more unit of a good or service, while the MSC represents the additional cost society incurs from producing one more unit. The graph typically shows the intersection of MSB and MSC, which is the socially optimal level of production where the benefits equal the costs. This point is known as the equilibrium point and is where resources are allocated efficiently.
What is the relationship between women movements and social movements?
The women's movement is a social movement.
What is the relationship between all factors?
the relationship between mental illness and biological processes, conditioning, gender and social factors.
How do you calculate the marginal social benefit?
Marginal social benefit (MSB) is calculated by assessing the additional benefit to society from consuming one more unit of a good or service. It typically includes both the private benefits to consumers and any external benefits that the consumption generates for others. To quantify MSB, you can sum the individual willingness to pay for the additional unit and any positive externalities associated with it. The formula can be expressed as MSB = Private Benefit + External Benefit.
Difference between love and social relationship?
Your level of committment
What is the meaning of the in the Relationship Map?
the net that having a social relationship between people live in a society
