it causes over modulation .... that is the phase reversal of carrier signal ..... the modulated wave then exhibits envelope distortion which results in loss of data .....
If V is less than 2.405 then the fiber is mono mode but if V is greater than 2.405 then fiber is multimode. V number is also related with the number of modes is the fiber as: N = V2/ 2 for step index fiber and Number of modes for graded index fiber is N = V2/ 4.
Resistance is a completely different quantity to capacitance, resistance being measured in ohms and capacitance in farads. So they are 'apples and oranges'. You should be asking, 'What happens if capacitive reactance (in ohms) is larger than resistance?'. And one answer would be that the phase angle will be greater than 45 degrees. There are other answers, too, but it depends what you want to know,
To reduce slope overload distortion ,the step size must be increased when the slope of the input signal is high. The sawtooth is better able to match the message in the regions of steep slope.
If load on a generator is greater than the generator can provide, the generator will begin to slow down. If it slows down too much, it will lose synchronism.
In simple MOSFET current mirror, the load current does not follow a linear relationship with reference current (ie for short channel MOSFET's multiplying factor due to channel length modulation cannot be neglected). But by cascoding the output resistance can be increased and since output resistance follows an inverse relationship with lambda (channel-length modulation parameter), the multiplying factor due to channel length modulation reduces to one and a linear relationship is obtained between reference and load current.
If the modulation index is greater than 1 (more than 100% modulation) the modulated carrier signal is periodically reduced to zero. This does not effect the transmitter but at the receiver these "dead carrier" intervals result in dropouts in the audio stream from the loudspeaker producing a distorted output that is difficult to understand.
Not sure what type of modulation you are looking for, but there are two that can be manipulated, either individually or in conjunction:Frequency modulation index refers to the relation between the sine wave frequency (sine_freq) and the triangle (or saw-tooth) wave frequency (triang_freq).The frequency modulation index is equal to ((triang_freq)/(sine_freq)).Amplitude modulation index refers to the relation between the sine wave amplitude (sine_amp) and the triangle (or saw-tooth) wave amplitude (triang_amp).The amplitude modulation index is equal to ((sine_amp)/(triang_amp)).Varying the modulation index (normally by varying the frequency or amplitude of the triangle wave form) changes that respective modulation index.From personal experience, an appropriate amplitude modulation index for an SPWM waveform should be around 0.8(that is, if the triangle has an amplitude of 10, the sine would have an amplitude of 8). This index should never be equal to 1 (one); it should always be less. A.K.A.: the triangle-wave amplitude should always be greater than the sine-wave.On the other hand, a triangle-wave frequency much greaterthan the sine-wave frequency makes an SPWM that in turn generates a "cleaner" synthesized sine-wave in the H-bridge you are probably using. Try different freq. modulation indexes, but an index of at least 10 should be used (preferably somewhere around 100 if you want a good SPWM). That is, if the sine-wave frequency is 60 Hz, the triangle-wave frequency should be above 600, preferably 6,000 or more. Complications in the filter design in the "output" of the H-bridge will vary greatly when playing around with the frequency modulation index. That being said, keeping the amplitude modulation index at a static 0.8, and playing around with the triangle-wave frequency should be your best bet.
Then the signal will be the same amplitude.
yah! i think.....
It is because the index is related to the velocity of light in air (ideally vacuum) and the medium in question. Since the velocity of light in vacuum is greater than it can be in any other media, the index of refraction of these other media relative to the vacuum is greater than 1.However, if you studied light travelling through glass and then water, the index of refraction between those two would be 0.89 (approx).
The minimum value of the refractive index is 1, which corresponds to a vacuum. The refractive index of a medium is always greater than or equal to 1.
The medullary index is a measurement used to differentiate between types of hair. In animal hair, the medullary index is typically greater than 0.5, indicating a wider medulla relative to the diameter of the hair shaft. In contrast, human hair usually has a medullary index of less than 0.33. Therefore, a medullary index greater than 0.5 suggests the hair is from an animal.
less than zero, greater than the requred return
The refractive index indicates how much light is slowed down as it travels through a medium compared to its speed in a vacuum. Since light travels more slowly in a medium than in a vacuum, the refractive index of the medium is always greater than 1.
When the modulating signal is greater than the carrier it can cause over modulation, that will cut of the peaks of the modulating signal and when detected by the receiver the final audio signal will also show the flat peaks and the results will be a distorted sound at the speaker. A 90% modulation is always better than a 100% modulation. In the case of frequency modulation it will cause the frequency to shift to much and will result in a to wide band and will cause adjacent channel interference, it can be so severe that a transmitter can occupy the whole spectrum of the band that is allocated for FM broadcasting.
It is not, so the question is based on a fundamental misunderstanding.
how can the path of a light ray be affected once it enters a nonzero angle with a greater index of refraction