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An open delta is a transformer configuration where only two single phase Transformers can be used to serve three phase load. If you have phases A, B, C, an open delta would be having a transformer connected from A to B, and another one connected from B to C, but no transformer from C back to A. This works for balanced three phase loads, but can only be operated at 58% of the the transformer's rating.

This connection is used sometimes to lower initial costs for a plant that is expected to grow in load. 2 transformers need to be bought, so you save on not buying the third until load reaches the point it is needed.

It also comes in handy if transformers need to be serviced, and a plant cannot come completely off line. If it can reduce load to below 58% the transformer rating, then one transformer at a time can be removed from service and worked on.

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