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The relationship between resistance and temperature is determined by a material's temperature coefficient of resistance (symbol, the Greek letter 'alpha'). In general, pure metal conductors are said to have a positive temperature coefficient of resistance, which means that their resistance increases with increase in temperature; in general, insulators have a negative temperature of resistance, which means their resistance decreases with an increase in temperature. Carbon, a conductor, also has a negative temperature coefficient of resistance. This negative temperature coefficient of resistance explains why insulators fail at higher temperatures.

This topic is relatively complicated, so just one example will be given. Assuming we know the resistance (R0) of a material at 0oC , then we can find its resistance (Rx) at another temperature (Tx), using the following equation:

Rx = R0 (1 + alpha Tx)

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