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Basically, the electron shells in an insulator are complete. That means they are not prone to donating any of their electrons and also cannot accept any further electrons from the material external to the insulator. As such insulators aren't waystations for electrons looking to move (conduct). There's a bit more to it. Consider, for example, Carbon (column IV) which, at least in diamond form, is an outstanding insulator. It's the CRYSTAL, the diamond, that has the aforementioned "shell completeness". Pure Silicon (also column IV) has the same characteristic behavior. You can change these pure crystals from insulators to semi-conductors and then conductors by adding increasing amounts of impurities to the crystal, such as atoms from Columns III and V. To carry this further, while Sodium (Na) is a conductor, PURE Sodium Chloride (NaCl, common salt) is an excellent insulator. (Again, with impurities added, it becomes a poorer insulator and better conductor.) It's the crystal's electron shell structure that's complete. HOWEVER, common salt, NaCl, is very soluble in water. So, while pure water is a poor conductor, a common salt solution becomes highly conductive. When salt crystals are dissolved copious amounts of imbalanced ions are ready to donate or accept electrons. More simply: The outer shell of a conductive atom has 3 or less electrons in its outer shell, semi-conductive atom has 4, and an insulating atom has 5 or more.
What else can I help you with?
Why the semiconductor behave like a insulator as a zero?
O K is absolute zero. At absolute zero, the electrons of the semi conductors are trapped and are immovable from their electron shell as they are in a low energy state. This makes the pure semiconductor an insulator. One must heat the semiconductor to give the electrons enough energy to move to free them from their electron shell, and thus conduct.
When did insulation paper on sockets become out dated?
The last I remember seeing cardboard lamp socket shell insulation was the late 50's or early 60"s. Going on the internet it looks like they can still be bought today for special applications. Once PVC became prevalent as an insulator in the electrical trade, the cardboard insulators were phased out.
Why intrinsic semiconductors behave like insulator at low temperature?
at low temperature its forbidden gap is very large so it act as a insulater.
Why pin insulator is not used above 33 KV line?
A pin insulator is a ceramic insulator that fitted above the cross-arm of a pole, and which supports the conductor which is secured to the top of the insulator. A suspension insulator is a toughened-glass insulator 'dish' which hangs below a cross-arm of a tower, from which a conductor/s is suspended. For increased insulation levels, dishes may be coupled together to form 'strings'. The manufacturing technique for pin insulators is more expensive than for suspension insulators,and the cost escalates signifcantly with increased voltages, which limits their operating voltage to around 50 kV. In practise, this means limiting their application to 66-kV lines in the United Kingdom (although 33 kV is much more common). Manufacturing costs are approximately proportional to the square (or more!) of the operating voltage. The advantages of using suspension insulators, on the other hand are: less expensive than pin insulators at working voltages above 50 kVeach insulator is designed for a relatively-low voltage, and the required insulation-level is obtained by connecting a suitable number together, to form stringsmechanical stresses are reduced, because suspension insulators allow conductors to swing (whereas pin insulators are rigid)any failure only requires one insulator to be replaced, rather than the entire chainany voltage upgrade can be achieved economically, by adding additional insulatorsRead more: Why_pin_insulator_is_not_used_above_33_KV_line
What is the Difference between dielectric and insulator?
The difference between dielectric and insulator lies in its field of application.Dielectrics are used to store the electric charges, while insulators are used to block the flow of electric charges ( they more or less act like a wall).While all dielectrics are insulators (they don't allow the flow of electric charges through them) all insulators aren't dielectric because they can't store charges unlike dielectrics.
Why the semiconductor behave like a insulator as a zero?
O K is absolute zero. At absolute zero, the electrons of the semi conductors are trapped and are immovable from their electron shell as they are in a low energy state. This makes the pure semiconductor an insulator. One must heat the semiconductor to give the electrons enough energy to move to free them from their electron shell, and thus conduct.
How many electrons would hydrogen need to have a full outer she?
Hydrogen has one electron in its outer shell and typically needs one more electron to achieve a full outer shell, which would complete its valence shell with two electrons (like helium). Therefore, hydrogen would need one additional electron to have a full outer shell.
How many more valence electrons does sodium need to have a full?
Sodium would need to gain 7 electrons to fill its valance shell. Instead of doing that, however, sodium will lose the one valence electron it does have, leaving behind the shell below it, which is already full.
What is the difference between an electron shell and an orbital in an atom?
An electron shell is a group of electron orbitals at a similar energy level, while an orbital is the specific region within an electron shell where an electron is likely to be found. In simpler terms, electron shells are like floors in a building, and orbitals are like rooms on each floor where electrons can be located.
Is an electron capture like beta decay?
Yes, when a proton in the nucleus captures an electron from the innermost shell (K shell) it is considered a form of antibeta decay.
How can bromine gain a stable outer electron shell?
Bromine can gain a stable outer electron shell by accepting one electron to fill its 4p orbital, achieving a full valence shell of eight electrons. This allows it to have the electron configuration of a noble gas, like argon, and become a stable ion.
When comparing the electron configurations of neon and fluorine what must happen for fluorine to become stable?
For fluorine to become stable, it needs to gain one electron to attain a full valence shell, similar to the electron configuration of neon. Fluorine has seven valence electrons in its outer shell, so gaining one electron would fill its outer shell and make it stable with a full octet like neon.
Which eventis most like an electron moving from an outer shell to an inner shell?
The event most like an electron moving from an outer shell to an inner shell is the emission of a photon when an electron transitions to a lower energy level. This process occurs when the electron loses energy, typically in the form of light, as it moves closer to the nucleus. This is similar to a ball rolling downhill, where it loses potential energy and may release that energy as kinetic energy in the form of a photon.
How can metal elements achieve a stable electron-shell structure like those of the noble gases?
Metal atoms achieve a stable electron shell structure by losing electrons to form positive ions. This electron loss allows them to attain a full outer electron shell like the noble gases. This process of losing electrons is known as metal atoms undergoing oxidation.
How many electrone would a chlorine atom have to lose in order to have a stable electrone arrangement like neon?
A chlorine atom would need to lose one electron to have a stable electron arrangement like neon, which has a full valence shell of electrons. Chlorine normally has 7 electrons, but by losing one electron, it will have 8 electrons in its outer shell, achieving stability.
Which group in the periodic table would need only 1 electron to be stable?
The elements in Group 7A (halogens) on the periodic table would need only 1 electron to achieve a stable electron configuration by filling their outermost shell with 8 electrons. For example, elements like fluorine, chlorine, and bromine each need only 1 more electron to reach stability.
Why does sodium loses an electron and attains 1 charge?
Sodium loses an electron to achieve a stable electron configuration like the nearest noble gas, which is neon. By losing one electron, sodium attains a full outer shell and becomes more stable with a positive 1 charge.
