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I size of the object is comparable to wavelength, it will cause error. In high frequency wavelength is very low. So small-small objects will also cause interference, thereby increasing attenuation. Waveguides are hollow metals. Thus wave does not go out and stay inside. Metals does not cause any attenuation. Propagation of EM wave in waveguide is similar to light in optical fiber.

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Why waveguides are used instead of antennas?

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When is it advantageous to use a circular waveguide?

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