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when earth fault occurs very near to the neutral point of wye winding, the voltage available for driving earth fault current is small. Hence fault current is low. Relay has to be too sensitive and then it can operate for spurious signals like external faults, switching surges etc.

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How does current transformer works in a substation?

A current transformer works on the same principle as that of a simple transformer however it steps down the high current into a low level so that it can be measured using an ammeter of a suitable range. In some current transformers extra cores are provided. This is done in order to prevent the faulty currents i.e. the over currents, earth faults, differential protections. The extra cores of a C.T. gets saturated as soon as the faulty currents starts flowing and thereby does not harm the main core of the transformer and the ammeter connected. The C.T. is always connected in the line carrying current. It first steps down the current to a measureable form and further gives this current to the ammeter.


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