why will Vpk not be exactely equal to the peak voltage of the altenating supply
peak
"Voltage peak" is generally used to denote the maximum(amplitude) of AC voltage supply. It can not be approximated as dc value. The closest approximation one can make for dc value of a ac supply is the RMS(root mean square) value of the voltage. So that the ohmic loss caused by the given AC voltage supply is equivalent to that caused by a dc supply having value equal to the RMS of this AC supply (for given impedance & time).
the answer is A effective
You can work this out yourself. For a sinusoidal waveform the rms value is 0.707 times the peak value. As you quote a peak-to-peak value, this must be halved, first. Incidentally, the symbol for volt is 'V', not 'v'.
30 volts provided zero crossing is at midpoint.
peak
"Voltage peak" is generally used to denote the maximum(amplitude) of AC voltage supply. It can not be approximated as dc value. The closest approximation one can make for dc value of a ac supply is the RMS(root mean square) value of the voltage. So that the ohmic loss caused by the given AC voltage supply is equivalent to that caused by a dc supply having value equal to the RMS of this AC supply (for given impedance & time).
When you say holdhold supply of 230volts, you are referring to the RMS value, not the peak value.
The input voltage, an AC Sine Wave will have a Peak-to-Peak value equal to 2X its Peak value. Once rectified, all the Peaks will be either above or below the Zero reference line. They'll look like a series of identical bumps. The net value of the unrectified voltage will be Zero. The positive and negative waveforms canceling each other out. The rectified waveform will be all positive or negative and its net value will be non-zero. Its AVERAGE value will be .636 times its Peak value. Its Root Mean Square (RMS) value will be .707 times its Peak value. Its Peak-to-Peak value will equal 1X the Peak value.
the answer is A effective
In AC supply, the RMS current is the effective current for power used in a resistive circuit. This is defined as the square root of the mean value of the square of the current, taken over a whole cycle. The RMS current dissipates power at the same rate as a DC current of the same value. A light bulb of course gives out light dependent on the current through the filament. So if the RMS current and the DC current are the same value, the light produced will be equal. With AC supply, the RMS value of current and volts is 1/(square root of 2) x the peak value, so peak value = 1.414 x RMS value. If you supplied DC at volts and current equal to the peak AC value, the power given to the light bulb would clearly be greater. Therefore to answer your question you have to specify what relative values your AC and DC supplies have.
If you are referring to the voltage after the rectifiers in a powersupply, it is due to the voltage drop across the rectifiers.
Peak value is the highest value ever reached.
Peak to Peak is the most positive peak to the negative peak value. Or find any peak value and multiply by 2.
peak - peak.
You can work this out yourself. For a sinusoidal waveform the rms value is 0.707 times the peak value. As you quote a peak-to-peak value, this must be halved, first. Incidentally, the symbol for volt is 'V', not 'v'.
30 volts provided zero crossing is at midpoint.