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The real power in a DC system is the product of voltage & current. P = V * I

In an AC system the power is equal to V * I * power factor. The power factor allows for the fact that the power is less than the volt-amps. This happens when the voltage and current are out of phase, i.e. if they reach their peak value at different points in the AC cycle. In fact if the phase difference is exactly 90 degrees, no real power is transferred at all, although the transmission wires still have to carry current and produce power losses as a result,

The real power (in watts) is defined as the volt-amps times the cosine of the phase difference between voltage and current. Using the convention of complex numbers, the 'imaginary' power (in volt-amps-reactive or VAr) is defined as the volt-amps times the sine of the phase difference.

The three quantities are connected by the Pythagoras formula:

(VA) squared = (watts) squared + (VAr) squared.

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The power factor represents?

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