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Across a normal shock wave, the density of the flow increases as the shock compresses the gas. The Mach number decreases; it transitions from supersonic (greater than 1) upstream to subsonic (less than 1) downstream of the shock. This change occurs because the shock wave converts kinetic energy into thermal energy, resulting in a rise in pressure and temperature. Consequently, the flow properties adjust to accommodate the conservation of mass, momentum, and energy across the shock.

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