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The Colossus computers built by the British in WW2 to break German teletype cyphers were built with vacuum tubes as transistors did not exist at the time.
- Colossus Mark 1 contained about 1400 tubes, with 1 processing unit it analyzed messages at a rate of 5000 characters per second, only the one prototype machine was built
- Colossus Mark 2 contained about 2400 tubes, with 5 processing units running in parallel it analyzed messages at a rate of 25000 characters per second, 10 machines were built
A typical run of a message on Colossus Mark 2 took about 15 minutes to crack the key for the last 2 bits, another 15 minutes to crack the key for the first 2 bits knowing the key for the last 2, another 15 minutes to crack the key for the remaining middle bit knowing the key for the other 4 bits. Including setup times this was probably just over an hour per message. The message and this key were put on another machine to partially decrypt the message. The partially decrypted message was then analyzed by another group by hand to get the remaining part of the key. After this was finished, the message and both parts of the key were put on another machine, which printed out the fully decrypted german message... which then had to be translated, etc.
What else can I help you with?
What is the composition of RAM in terms of transistors and capacitors?
Composition of ram: There are many transistors layed for addressing (accessing specific modules) then there are a series of transistors coupled to a capasitor. That allows for one bit of data to be stored.
What 4 electronic devices contain transistors?
Transistors are fundamental components in many electronic devices. Four common devices that contain transistors are smartphones, laptops, televisions, and radios. These devices utilize transistors for functions such as signal amplification, switching, and processing information, making them essential for modern electronics.
How many transistors did the ENIAC have?
Eniac didn't have any transistors. It was built with 17,468 vacuum tubes, 7,200 crystal diodes, and a whole host of other components. But no transistors. The first transistor was created in November, 1947, almost two years after Eniac was completed.
Why are npn transistors used more often than pnp transistors?
The primary reason that NPN transistors are used more often than PNP transistors is that they usually operate faster (at higher frequencies) because the mobility of the current carriers in NPN transistors (electrons) is much higher than that of the current carriers in PNP transistors (holes).
Is there another use for semiconductors other than to conduct electricity?
Yes. In electronic devices, semiconductors fulfill a variety of functions, including current filtering - a semiconductor diode only lets current pass in one direction - and signal amplification, using transistors. Transistors have many uses, including for electronic switching. Do some reading on diodes and transistors, while bearing in mind that they use semiconductors.Yes. In electronic devices, semiconductors fulfill a variety of functions, including current filtering - a semiconductor diode only lets current pass in one direction - and signal amplification, using transistors. Transistors have many uses, including for electronic switching. Do some reading on diodes and transistors, while bearing in mind that they use semiconductors.Yes. In electronic devices, semiconductors fulfill a variety of functions, including current filtering - a semiconductor diode only lets current pass in one direction - and signal amplification, using transistors. Transistors have many uses, including for electronic switching. Do some reading on diodes and transistors, while bearing in mind that they use semiconductors.Yes. In electronic devices, semiconductors fulfill a variety of functions, including current filtering - a semiconductor diode only lets current pass in one direction - and signal amplification, using transistors. Transistors have many uses, including for electronic switching. Do some reading on diodes and transistors, while bearing in mind that they use semiconductors.
How many years later were the transistors made in colossus?
The Colossus, the world's first programmable digital computer, was operational by 1944, utilizing vacuum tubes rather than transistors. Transistors were invented later, with the first practical transistor created at Bell Labs in 1947. Therefore, transistors were developed approximately three years after the Colossus was built.
How did colossus work without transistors?
There were vacuum tubes before transistors
Why did the colossus need valves?
Because - when Colossus was built (in 1943), microchips had yet to be invented ! Microchips replaced valves and transistors in newer computers.
How did transistors help in the develment of the colossus?
Transistors significantly advanced the development of the Colossus, the world's first programmable digital computer, by replacing vacuum tubes with smaller, more reliable, and energy-efficient components. This miniaturization allowed for increased processing speed and reduced heat generation, which were crucial for the complex calculations needed for code-breaking during World War II. The use of transistors improved the overall efficiency and functionality of the Colossus, enabling it to perform operations more effectively than earlier machines.
How many pages does The Fall of Colossus have?
The Fall of Colossus has 186 pages.
How many pages does The Colossus Crisis have?
The Colossus Crisis has 304 pages.
How many gs does Dhaka colossus have?
Dhaka has no colossus. So no question of <gs>
How do you get in The Colosses in wizard101?
There are many colossus in wizard101. AKA sand colossus, magma colossus, etc, etc. There is a colossus boulevard to you have to finish all three streets in Olde Town
What replaced vacuum tubes in the computer?
Integrated circuits (in many microprocessor integrated circuits) containing many billions of transistors each.
How many transistors are on a Phenom II 965?
758 Million transistors.
How many transistors are in an AND gate?
6
How many loops does the colossus have?
None ha
