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The angle of the torch or tungsten electrode like that used in Tig welding , or the MiG stinger, or any consumable rod like that of a 7018 rod used in SMAW welding. All run a little bit cooler of a puddle of molten metal when held at an angle. When feeding rod material into a vertical joint going in the upwards direction this lends it self to better fill and penetration in the joint. More filler rod is going to be deposited into the weld joint going in the upward direction then if one is welding in the downward direction on a vertical pass on any piece of material, also at an angle the puddle is a going to run a little cooler. When the electrode, stinger or torch is held directly held over the base material this changes the molten pools temperature to a slightly higher temperature .when holding a gas flame torch and using the back handed method the enveloping surrounding flame helps keeps the material's temperature higher in the weld joint area, that was just welded, higher temps after the welding process to allow for slower cooling,which can have a beneficial effect. When the Speed or feed rate of the welding rod or wire is feed to fast into the molten puddle or the movement of the rod, stinger or torch is feed to fast across the material to quickly and the delutement of the rod into the base material and the welds surrounding area around the weld bead will then be an incomplete or cold weld it will form on the base metal, which can leave undercut or lack good fusion or good penetration a poor weld is typical, this is not the desired result. When welding is performed by the human hand, one should not speed through the welding process , focus and care on the molten puddle and its conditions during the welding process and being certain of good penetration is more important then how fast one welds.

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