I'm guessing you are doing the same course as me!!
This was a help to me: from Google books. I hope this link works, if not try searching for comparisson of HOC & R&F methods.
http://books.google.com/books?id=hqFcPbmmxC4C&pg=PA131&lpg=PA131&dq=Reducing+levels+by+rise+and+fall+method&source=web&ots=F7x3jGi-MV&sig=zi7JVYCBLT8-z42OKfst2XFIK-o&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=1&ct=result
Good luck
Pete
p.s if you find any more info please get back to me
thanks Pete.
your links did works for me...
1, describe the methode of reducing the levels and thier relative advantages and disadvantages 2, writetypes of levelling instruments and methodes of leveling
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To bypass a building obstacle in chain surveying, you can use the method of offsetting. First, measure a perpendicular distance from the obstacle to a point on the chain line. Then, record the offset distance and measure the distance from the last surveyed point to the offset point. Finally, continue surveying beyond the obstacle by applying the recorded offset to maintain accurate measurements.
The plumbline method is a technique used in construction and surveying to ensure vertical alignment. It involves using a weighted line or string (the plumbline) that, when suspended, will indicate true vertical due to the force of gravity. This method is essential for accurately positioning elements like walls and columns, ensuring they are straight and level. It is a simple yet effective tool for achieving precision in various building applications.
This method provides a permanent record and the traceability required from quality systems
the advantages of this method was that it is more quick and less calculation needed and the disadvantages, it less accurate compare to the rise and fall method.
A reduced level is the vertical distance between a survey point and the adopted level datum. There are two methods for calculating reduced levels, namely the "rise and fall" method and the "height of collimation" method. The latter reduces levels relative to the instrument height. As it has inferior built-in checks, it is unreliable.
A reduced level is the vertical distance between a survey point and the adopted level datum. There are two methods for calculating reduced levels, namely the "rise and fall" method and the "height of collimation" method. The latter reduces levels relative to the instrument height. As it has inferior built-in checks, it is unreliable.
Advantages of Traverse Surveying: Traverse surveying creates a closed loop, which confirms the accuracy of the survey. It is suitable for surveying large areas with a minimum of time and effort. This method can be used for both plane and geodetic surveying. It is easy to calculate the coordinates and areas by using the traverse surveying method. Disadvantages of Traverse Surveying: The accuracy of the survey is dependent upon the accuracy of the instruments used for the measurements. This method requires a long base line which is not always available in certain circumstances. Traverse surveying is not suitable for rough terrain as measurements can be affected by uneven ground. It is difficult to locate the exact points when the measurements are taken from a long distance.
1, describe the methode of reducing the levels and thier relative advantages and disadvantages 2, writetypes of levelling instruments and methodes of leveling
Radiation intersection traversing resection
There are many advantages to using tachometry as a method of detail surveying. They include that a tachometer is easier to use in locations where chaining is difficult, and it is an easier way to measure when accuracy is not particularly important, saving time and money.
method of linear measurement
There are many advantages to using tachometry as a method of detail surveying. They include that a tachometer is easier to use in locations where chaining is difficult, and it is an easier way to measure when accuracy is not particularly important, saving time and money.
Surveying
the advantages of deductive method
Traverse surveying is a method used in land surveying to establish control points and boundaries by measuring a series of connected survey lines. It involves measuring both angles and distances between points to accurately map out the boundaries of a piece of land. Traverse surveys are commonly used in construction and engineering projects to create detailed site plans.