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Programming languages are categorized into generations based on their level of abstraction and ease of use.

  1. First Generation (1GL): These are low-level languages, primarily machine code, which are specific to a computer's architecture and require extensive knowledge of hardware.

  2. Second Generation (2GL): Assembly languages fall into this category, providing a slightly higher abstraction with mnemonic codes representing machine instructions, making it easier for programmers to write code.

  3. Third Generation (3GL): High-level languages like C, Java, and Python focus on human readability and abstraction from hardware, allowing for more complex programming without detailed knowledge of the machine.

  4. Fourth Generation (4GL): These languages are even more abstract, often domain-specific, and designed for specific tasks like database management, enabling rapid application development with less code.

  5. Fifth Generation (5GL): This generation involves languages used for Artificial Intelligence and incorporates constraints and logic programming, focusing on solving problems rather than writing code.

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