They tell the CPU where to find the data, when to read it, and what to do with it.
A CPU will have an "instruction set" which consists of primitive instructions i.e a command like MOVE:1002,1003 could be an example of an instruction to move the contents in memory location 1002 to the memory location of 1003. Some CPU's operate as a RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer) and others operate as a CISC(Complex Instruction Set Computer). Which basically means some have more "primitive instructions" than others but the more complex an instruction is - The more work will be needed to execute it. Alan Turing proved only 6 of these primitive commands are needed to compute anything that is "computable" by machines. Nowadays, programmers will write code in an "high level" language which contains more of these "primitive commands" but then the code will be compiled into a set of instructions that the CPU can actually execute (i.e to the instruction set of the targeted CPU). If we were to try to write any sufficiently complex program using only the instruction sets of CPU's, it would become very complicated for humans to understand and would take a ridiculously long time.
It depends on the specific instruction set for the processor you are programming. Most processors will support the basic logical instructions, but you would have to view the documentation for a particular processor to know for sure.
In computer programming, orthogonality in a programming language means that a relatively small set of primitive constructs can be combined in a relatively small number of ways to build the control and data structures of the language. The term is most-frequently used regarding assembly instruction sets, as orthogonal instruction set.
The selection of an instruction set for a machine is influenced by several key factors, including performance requirements, complexity, and resource constraints. Performance considerations involve the efficiency of executing instructions and the ability to handle various data types. Simplicity is important for ease of programming and implementation, while resource constraints pertain to memory usage and power consumption. Additionally, compatibility with existing software and hardware ecosystems can also guide the choice of instruction set architecture.
Completeness means that all the information that is needed to faithfully represent economic reality must be included.
There is one instruction set in the IA-32. Instruction set is the set of instruction that a processor can execute.
test and branch instruction
RISC - Reduced Instruction Set Computer CISC - Comples Instruction Set Computer
A three-bit instruction set refers to a set of instructions in a computer architecture that can be represented using three bits of binary code. This allows for a total of (2^3 = 8) unique instructions, as each combination of three bits corresponds to a different operation. Such a limited instruction set is often found in simple or educational computing systems, emphasizing fundamental concepts of instruction execution and control flow. The simplicity of a three-bit instruction set can be useful for teaching basic principles of computer organization and programming.
MMX - instruction set - was created in 1996.
instruction set architecture ISA for intel 8080
Planned x86 processors will have the SSE4 instruction set.
CISC: Complex Instruction Set ComputerRISC: Reduced Instruction Set Computer
Reduced Instruction Set Computer Complex Instruction Set Computer
CISC (complex instruction set computing)
Yes, it is, as are all the following: Completeness Axiom Heine-Borel Nested Set Bolzano-Weierstrass Monotone Convergence