Under-reinforced concrete is generally considered safer than over-reinforced concrete. This is because under-reinforced concrete will fail in a ductile manner, allowing for noticeable deformation and warning signs before catastrophic failure occurs. In contrast, over-reinforced concrete can fail suddenly and brittlely due to excessive steel reinforcement, potentially leading to more dangerous situations. Therefore, under-reinforced designs are preferred for safety in structural applications.
This all depends on the class of Reinforced Concrete Pipe (RCP) it is. Typically the manufactorers of RCP recommend one foot of compacted fill over a pipe for construction traffic. As long as the material is not wet I would drive over it any day.
The weight that reinforced concrete can hold depends on various factors, including its mix composition, dimensions, and the quality of the reinforcement used. Generally, reinforced concrete can have compressive strengths ranging from about 20 MPa (megapascals) to over 40 MPa, meaning it can support significant loads, often exceeding several tons per square meter. For specific applications, structural engineers calculate load capacities based on design specifications and safety factors to ensure safety and performance.
A framework of heavy timbers, steel, or reinforced concrete beams laid longitudinally and crossed by similar members laid upon them to spread a heavy load over a larger area, esp. for use where the ground is not firm.
The structure is called a over reinforced concrete or structure. The structure can fail without warning. Discuss why managers she would always t ry to use positive reinforcement instead of negative reinforcement
Concrete has evolved significantly since its early use by ancient civilizations like the Romans, who utilized volcanic ash to improve its durability. Modern advancements introduced stronger materials, such as Portland cement, and the incorporation of additives that enhance its properties, like resistance to weathering and increased workability. The development of reinforced concrete, which combines steel and concrete, revolutionized construction by allowing for taller and more durable structures. Today, sustainable practices and new technologies, such as 3D printing, continue to shape the future of concrete.
When the maximum stresses in steel and concrete simultaniously reaches allowable value the section is called balanced section when the %of steel in a section is less than that required for a balanced section it is under reinforced section when the %of steel in a section is more than that required for a balanced section it is over reinforced sectionover reinforcement is as per section design I.e Ast1+Ast2>Ast Ast1+Ast2
This all depends on the class of Reinforced Concrete Pipe (RCP) it is. Typically the manufactorers of RCP recommend one foot of compacted fill over a pipe for construction traffic. As long as the material is not wet I would drive over it any day.
It deals with the tension and compression of the concrete. Concrete is a really great material when in comes to compression. It has a high strength in compression but little in the way of tension. You can test this for your self. Get a small unreinforced piece of concrete and pull it apart it ( put it in tension) and it breaks fairy easily. Now, try pushing together (put it in compression) and it doesn't break anywhere near as easily, if you can break it at all. Steel is the opposite. It has more strength in tension than in compression. Putting steel bars in concrete allows you to have good strength in compression and in tension. In an easy way to understand it and get the general idea, when the reinforced concrete is under tension, the steel bars take over, and when the reinforced concrete is under compression, the concrete takes over.
Vernon Peter Jensen has written: 'Ultimate strength of reinforced concrete beams as related to the plasticity ratio of concrete' -- subject(s): Reinforced concrete, Girders, Testing, Strains and stresses 'Highway slab-bridges with curbs' -- subject(s): Girders, Bridges, Concrete, Strains and stresses, Concrete Bridges 'Solutions of certain rectangular slabs continuous over flexible supports' -- subject(s): Girders, Bridges, Concrete, Strains and stresses, Concrete Bridges
There are two basic reasons 1. In over reinforced section failure happens due to concrete which is sudden without any type of warning like bending or deflection.... 2. Steel is one of the most costly material used in construction work so from the economical view it is also undesirable to provide over reinforced section...
Yes, Cinder concrete cab be used for sunken portions of the slabs over water proofing. Pandu R Reddy.Bijjam M.Tech(structures)
truly speaking the most used material in replacement of metals in construction is the reinforced concrete or the prestressed concrete, but they are instances where metals can not be replaced like in electrical installations. concrete is the second widely used after water
To calculate the concrete quantity for a reinforced concrete slab, first determine the slab's dimensions: length, width, and thickness. Use the formula: Volume = Length × Width × Thickness. Convert all measurements to the same unit (e.g., meters) for accuracy, and then multiply to get the volume in cubic meters. Finally, consider adding a percentage for waste and over-excavation, typically around 5-10%.
Yes, if it is unloaded while the other is not.
Under reinforcement is safe because in this case steel fails before concrete.
Using gravel under concrete in construction projects provides several benefits. It helps to improve drainage, prevent soil erosion, and provide a stable base for the concrete to sit on. Additionally, gravel can help to reduce the risk of cracking and settling in the concrete over time.
A framework of heavy timbers, steel, or reinforced concrete beams laid longitudinally and crossed by similar members laid upon them to spread a heavy load over a larger area, esp. for use where the ground is not firm.