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with dc solid copper or aluminum
with 60 Hz ac inductance will force current to the outer surface if the conductor
so the busses in substations are generally aluminum or copper tubing
power transmission lines are steel cable with 1/8" aluminum sheath
high frequency or rf busbars and wire is generally tubing that is silver plated
the inductance lets current flow only in the very thinnest skin of the conductor
The primary reason that high-voltage outdoor busbars in substations are tubular is to provide them with mechanical strength.
If they were solid, and of equivalent cross-sectional area, then they would not be self-supporting to the same extent as tubes, and would require supports that are much closer together.
The 'skin effect', however, iscertainly taken into account when determining optimum diameter/thickness of these busbar tubes because the skin effect becomes more important with large-diameter conductors.
Indoor busbars, such as those found in metal-clad switchgear are indeed solid and, usually, of rectangular section, with supports that are much closer together than for outdoor, tubular, busbars.
At 60 Hz in copper, the skin depth is about 8.5 mm. Because the interior of a large conductor carries so little of the current, tubular conductors such as pipe can be used to save weight and cost.
2000MCM wire has resistance about 23% higher at 60Hz AC than DC
source NFPA bulletin 7 sometimes called NEC
for uk and sqMM and 50hz i have added a link
insignificant for someone who works for power companies is understandable
since fuel cost is insignificant it is passed right on to the customer
IR losses are insignificant also
this is why a 50KVA transformer on the pole supplies 7-10 houses with 200A services 4/0 copper into the house #2AL drops with #8 solid copper going to the poles that feed 7 of the 10 drops
power company is a misnomer in the USA it is a power DISTRIBUTION company
hence fuel cost is insignificant ir losses are insignificant.
What else can I help you with?
What is the bus bar size for 6000A?
5-6x150 Cu. BUS BAR PER PHASE
Why the impedance of infinite bus bar is zero?
...because it is an infinite bus bar, meaning it can supply infinite current. By Ohm's law, since the voltage at the bus bar is fixed, to have infinite current, you must have a zero impedance.
The purpose of the bus bar protection unit is to isolate any bus by tripping its contactor or isolate a faulty bus in the variable ac system?
The Bus Bar is (usually 3, or 4) solid copper bars that run through an MCC (Motor Control Center) and just supply power to the individual 'buckets' (compartments that contain the individual motor starters). The only protection for a bus bar would be from the 'Panelboard', or 'Switchboard' breaker that feeds the bus bar mounted in a separate MCC. Make Sense???, let me know if not...
How do you make 3 ply bus bar bending?
To make a 3-ply bus bar bending, first, gather the necessary materials, including the bus bar, bending tools (like a hydraulic or manual bender), and safety equipment. Measure and mark the desired bending points on the bus bar, ensuring precise angles for functionality. Position the bus bar in the bender, align it with the marks, and apply pressure gradually to achieve the required bends. Finally, verify the bends for accuracy and ensure they meet the specified electrical and structural requirements.
Compressed air system for bus bar?
To avoid accumulation of moisture.
What type of material are bus bar bolts made from?
Normally they are made of brass. In some instances, plated steel.
What are the material used for making bus bar?
mostly copper and aluminum
How can you calculate the copper bus bar according to the amp?
To obtain the amp of the copper bus bar, multiply the width of the bus bar by the thickness of the bus bar to obtain the current carrying capacity of the bus bar.
How do you calculate bus bar size?
You just Calculate Size of Bus bar which has been mentioned below:Example: Calculate Size of Bus bar having Following DetailsBus bar Current Details:Rated Voltage = 415V,50Hz ,Desire Maximum Current Rating of Bus bar =630Amp.Fault Current (Isc)= 50KA ,Fault Duration (t) =1sec.Bus bar Temperature details:Operating Temperature of Bus bar (θ)=85°C.Final Temperature of Bus bar during Fault(θ1)=185°C.Temperature rise of Bus Bar Bar during Fault (θt=θ1-θ)=100°C.Ambient Temperature (θn) =50°C.Maximum Bus Bar Temperature Rise=55°C.Enclosure Details:Installation of Panel= Indoors (well Ventilated)Altitude of Panel Installation on Site= 2000 MeterPanel Length= 1200 mm ,Panel width= 600 mm, Panel Height= 2400 mmBus bar Details:Bus bar Material= CopperBus bar Strip Arrangements= VerticalCurrent Density of Bus Bar Material=1.6Temperature Co efficient of Material Resistance at 20°c(α20)= 0.00403Material Constant(K)= 1.166Bus bar Material Permissible Strength=1200 kg/cm2Bus bar Insulating Material= BareBus bar Position= Edge-mounted barsBus bar Installation Media= Non-ventilated ductingBus bar Artificial Ventilation Scheme= without artificial ventilationBus bar Size Details:Bus bar Width(e)= 75 mmBus bar Thickness(s)= 10 mmNumber of Bus Bar per Phase(n)= 2 NoBus bar Length per Phase(a)= 500 mmDistance between Two Bus Strip per Phase(e)= 75 mmBus bar Phase Spacing (p)= 400 mmTotal No of Circuit= 3 No.Bus bar Support Insulator Detail:Distance between insulators on Same Phase(l)= 500 mmInsulator Height (H)= 100 mmDistance from the head of the insulator to the bus bar center of gravity (h)= 5 mmPermissible Strength of Insulator (F')=1000 Kg/cm2
What is high pressure test for bus bar?
A high-pressure test for bus bars involves subjecting the bus bar to increased pressure levels to check for leaks or weaknesses in the material. This test helps ensure that the bus bar can withstand the pressure it will face during normal operation without failing, which is crucial for safety and reliability in electrical systems.
What is the weight in kilograms of a 16 mm bar?
It depends on the length of the bar and the material it is made from.
What is the mass of a bar measuring 1cm by 1cm x10cm?
It depends on the density of the material of which the bar is made.
Which is material for bus window?
The material for most bus windows is toughened glassThe material for most bus windows is toughened glass
What material is rebar cutter made of?
A re-bar cutter is made of tool steel.
What is the bus bar size for 6000A?
5-6x150 Cu. BUS BAR PER PHASE
What are the types of bus bar arrangements?
Single bus is used in smaller, less important substations. A fault on the bus requires tripping of all lines into the bus. When higher redundancy is necessary, ring and breaker and 1/2 schemes are used. These are the three most common.
Bus Bar?
Its a switch
