Smart materials can be developed and manufactured in various locations around the world, depending on the specific type and application. Research institutions, universities, and specialized companies in countries like the United States, Japan, Germany, and China are prominent in the development of these materials. The manufacturing process often involves collaboration between academia and industry to innovate and scale production. Thus, smart materials can be made in diverse settings, from high-tech labs to industrial facilities.
A "smart material" is one having a molecular structure that responds in a particular and controlled way to influences upon it. These range from magnetically-changed materials, to "memory" molecules that return to their original form, to materials that generate an electric charge when pressed, twisted, or warped. These materials can significantly change their mechanical properties (such as shape, stiffness, and viscosity), or their thermal, optical, or electromagnetic properties, in a predictable or controllable manner. Some types of smart materials are piezoelectrics, electrostrictors, magnetostrictors, and shape-memory alloys.
Smart materials are used in a variety of applications, including self-healing materials, which can repair themselves after damage; shape-memory alloys, which return to a predetermined shape when heated; and electrochromic materials that change color or opacity in response to electrical stimuli, commonly used in smart windows. Other examples include piezoelectric materials that generate electricity when mechanically stressed, utilized in sensors and actuators, and thermochromic materials that change color with temperature variations, often found in mood rings and temperature indicators. These innovative materials enhance functionality and adaptability across multiple industries, including construction, automotive, and electronics.
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Lycra and Teflon
Smart materials were first developed in the late 20th century, with significant advancements occurring in the 1960s and 1970s. Notably, shape memory alloys, one of the earliest types of smart materials, were discovered in 1963 by William J. Buehler and his team at the Naval Ordnance Laboratory. Since then, research and development in smart materials have expanded, leading to various applications in fields like engineering, medicine, and consumer electronics.
Because smart engineering people designed them and chose the materials to make them as safe as they can.
Smart phones are made of metal and computer soft ware
Smart materials can be found in a variety of objects such as self-healing materials in phone screens, shape memory alloys in eyeglasses frames, and piezoelectric materials in sensors and actuators. In addition, self-cleaning surfaces and materials that change color in response to stimuli also utilize smart material technology.
a lot the most important is the aplication for types of smart materials
The first known instance of using smart materials can be traced back to the work of Pierre Curie and his discovery of the piezoelectric effect in 1880. This effect demonstrated the ability of certain materials to generate an electric charge under mechanical stress, laying the foundation for future advancements in smart materials.
A "smart material" is one having a molecular structure that responds in a particular and controlled way to influences upon it. These range from magnetically-changed materials, to "memory" molecules that return to their original form, to materials that generate an electric charge when pressed, twisted, or warped. These materials can significantly change their mechanical properties (such as shape, stiffness, and viscosity), or their thermal, optical, or electromagnetic properties, in a predictable or controllable manner. Some types of smart materials are piezoelectrics, electrostrictors, magnetostrictors, and shape-memory alloys.
Passive smart materials: which can only sense the environmental condition or stimuli. Active smart materials: which sense and react to the condition or stimuli. Very smart materials: which can sense, react and adapt themselves accordingly. Intelligent materials: which are those capable of responding or activated to perform a function in a manual or pre-programmed manner.
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smart stealthy ones...
there are functional foods , novel function , man made foods and many others . there just a few. hope this helped ...
Braces are typically made of a combination of materials, including brackets made of ceramic or metal, and wires made of stainless steel or nickel-titanium. These materials are chosen for their specific properties that allow them to apply gentle pressure to slowly move teeth into their desired position.
what does the term mean smart materials