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The massive resistance in the United States, particularly during the Civil Rights Movement, was led by various figures and organizations opposing desegregation and civil rights for African Americans. Prominent among them was Senator Harry F. Byrd of Virginia, who spearheaded the "Massive Resistance" campaign in response to the Supreme Court's Brown v. Board of Education decision in 1954. Local white segregationists, including some state officials and community leaders, also played significant roles in implementing this resistance across the South.

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Why you need resistance in series with led?

limit current and avoid having it explode


What was the effect of the policy of Massive Resistance?

The policy of Massive Resistance, initiated in response to the desegregation of public schools following the Brown v. Board of Education decision, led to widespread opposition in the South against integration efforts. It resulted in the closure of some public schools, the establishment of private "whites-only" institutions, and increased racial tensions and violence. Moreover, it hindered progress toward civil rights, as state and local governments employed legal and extralegal measures to maintain segregation. Ultimately, while it galvanized the civil rights movement, it also delayed meaningful change for many African Americans.


Why is a resistor used to operate an LED?

To calculate the current through an LED, use the following formula Current = (Source_voltage - Led_voltage_drop)/Resistance Now if you didn't use a resistor, the you only have the resistance in the wire, which is very small (eg .001 ohm). So if you have for instance a 9V battery, and a 2.1 volt drop across the LED, the resultant current would be so high, it would destroy the LED. We put a resistor in to lower the current to an acceptable range (often 20-30ma)


Where should a resistor be placed when using an LED?

In series with the LED. The value would be whatever it takes to obtain the required voltage and current across the LED. As an example, if you had an LED that required 25ma at 2v, and you wanted to use a 9v battery, you would need a resistance of 280 ohms. (This is (9-2) / 0.025, a simple application of Ohm's law.)


How do you calculate contact resistance?

Resistance is resistance , no matter if it is contact resistance or any other resistance. And formula is R = V / I.