The term "Fluorescent" dates back to approximately 1845-1852 where the English mathematician-physicist George Gabriel Stokes from Cambridge University named this "phenomenon" after fluorite, a strongly fluorescent mineral.
The invention of the fluorescent light is a string of discoveries and developments by many people in several countries. It was developed over 80 years since the invention of the working electric light bulb by Thomas Edison. Like so many things that we take for granted today, fluorescent lighting is the result of numerous small additions to the knowledge and technology of the time.
The development started with experiments in the 1840s by British scientists, George C. Stokes, Michael Faraday and James Clerk Maxwell. A German glass blower, Heinrich Geissler, continued with the experiments and in 1856 produced a vacuum tube that would produce a green glow when a current was passed through it. The tube had little practical value because the green light didn't provide useful illumination. However, Julius Plucker and Alexandre Bequerel experimented with the tube. Bequerel discovered that certain minerals glowed when they were in an operating tube and added coatings to the inside of the tube that would glow.
At the 1893 World's Fair, the World Columbian Exposition in Chicago, Illinois displayed Nikola Tesla's fluorescent lights.
In 1896, Thomas Edison put a calcium coating into the tube and generated useful light. The short life of the tube meant that it never went into production. Nicola Tesla contributed with variations of the tube, again without producing a commercial product. Daniel Moore continued Edison's work and 1904 saw his tubes being used commercially for some limited applications.
In 1894, D. McFarlane Moore created the Moore lamp, a commercial gas discharge lamp meant to compete with the incandescent light bulb of his former boss Thomas Edison. The gases used were nitrogen and carbon dioxide emitting respectively pink and white light, and had moderate success.
An American engineer, Peter Cooper Hewitt (1861-1921) developed the mercury vapor lamp at the same time. It produced yet another green light output so its practical application was limited.
Peter Cooper Hewitt patented (U.S. patent 889,692) the first mercury vapor lamp in 1901. The low pressure mercury arc lamp of Peter Cooper Hewitt is the very first prototype of today's modern fluorescent lights.
In France, George Claude made neon and argon tubes which glowed red and blue respectively. Although it was not of practical use for illlumination, the neon tubes employed electrodes that were longer lasting than others of the time. Fellow Frenchman Jacques Risler added a fluorescent coating to Claude's tubes and his product made it to commercial production.
In Germany, Friedrich Meyer, Hans-Joachim Spanner, and Edmund Germer all worked on low pressure vapor lamps. Although they achieved technical success, their lamp was never manufactured commerically.
General Electric had interests in the new lighting technology and had purchased several patents including Germer's. It came down to George E. Inman and his team of engineers at GE to turn the technology into a commercially viable product. There were a number of legal battles that were fought during the 1920s and 1930s to establish the rights to the technologies. Because of the number of people who contributed to the product, there were numerous patents that affected it. Commercial sales of fluorescent lamps by GE commenced in 1938.
It has been reported that Agapito Flores, a Philippino inventor, received a French patent for a fluorescent bulb and that the General Electric Company bought Flores' patent rights and manufactured and sold his fluorescent bulb (making millions from it). However, all the inventors named above and more predate Agapito Flores' possible work on any fluorescent bulb.
According to Dr. Benito Vergara of the Philippine Science Heritage Center, "As far as I could learn, a certain Flores presented the idea of fluorescent light to Manuel Quezon when he became president. At that time, General Electric Co. had already presented the fluorescent light to the public."
There are other names that do not get mentioned in this brief answer. Each person made their own important contribution and although they are not mentioned, credit should be given to each person who experimented, played, observed and developed the science and technology surrounding the development. Although the early part of the 20th century saw large companies funding and sponsoring inventors and developers, there were many who carried out work without other funding. Perhaps it is the independent experimenters who deserve special recognition for their work.
See the related links below for more information about the history of the fluorescent lamp.
Bondi Junction Edgecliff Kings s\
the old ones with transformers you can correct with capacitors incandescent lamps have unity power factor the newer florescent ballasts are closer to unity but tend more towards capacitance
Depends. Lamps can certainly be built to work on either AC, or DC, or both. But some lamps, particularly those with electronics in them, either a dimmable lamp, or a fluorescent lamp, may only work with one type of electricity.
If a fluorescent lamp is labeled 6500 oK that is the color temperature of the light it emits. <><><> The number 6500 refers to the temperature (measured in degrees Kelvin) at which a specific theoretical material (referred to as "black body") will glow the color of sunlight at noon.
8x65x1.8/240=
I think that you may be confusing fluorescent tubes with neon tubes. Fluorescent tubes use a phosphor coating on the inside of the lamp which is in a limited spectrum. Some tubes are cool white, warm white, and daylight. There is also a gro lux which is on the warm end of the spectrum used for growing indoor plants.
Nicola Tesla invented AC for George Westinghouse. Don't know about the fluorescent lighting, but I prefer Tesla's alternating current and Thomas Edison's incandescent light bulb.
Daylight Fluorescent lamps have bluish-white illuminance, whereas coolwhite fluorescent lamps have yellowish-white illuminance.
Incandescent Lamps Light Emitting Diode Neon Lamps Fluorescent Tubes Compact Fluorescent Lamps Halogen Lamps Metal Halide Lamps High Intensity Discharge Lamps Low Pressure Sodium Lamps High Pressure Sodium Lamps
Fluorescent lamps can reach temperatures between 150-250 degrees Fahrenheit during operation. The heat is mainly generated by the electrodes and the ballast of the lamp. It is important to handle fluorescent lamps carefully to avoid burns.
The different types of fluorescent bulbs available in the market include compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs), linear fluorescent tubes, and high-intensity discharge (HID) lamps.
One can purchase cheap dimmable compact fluorescent lamps from various retailers. The website lamps-on-line offers such lamps and ebay is always a good place to find them.
Fluorescent lamps are brighter than filament lamps because they produce light through a different mechanism. Fluorescent lamps use a gas discharge process that generates light by exciting mercury vapor inside the tube, resulting in a more efficient light output compared to the incandescent process used in filament lamps. This efficiency allows fluorescent lamps to produce more lumens per watt, making them appear brighter.
T-12 fluorescent lamps can shatter or burst rather than explode. This may occur if the lamp is damaged or if there is a sudden change in temperature or pressure. It is always advisable to handle fluorescent lamps carefully and dispose of them properly to avoid accidents.
"Compact fluorescent lamps" (or, more commonly CFLs) sold direct to consumers for installation in a standard screw-in socket have an integral ballast built into the base. The ballast converts and controls the line voltage from the socket to properly drive the fluorescent lamp. Ballasts are generally fairly complex circuitry. All fluorescent lamps require a ballast. However, most lamps used commercially ("ordinary fluorescent lamps") do not have the ballasts built into them; rather, the ballasts are hidden somewhere in the fixture.
There are three main types of fluorescent light bulbs available in the market: compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs), linear fluorescent tubes, and high-intensity discharge (HID) lamps. Each type has its own unique features and applications.
Neither incandescent nor fluorescent lamps can provide light exactly similar to natural sunlight. However, fluorescent lamps are closer in color temperature to natural sunlight compared to incandescent lamps. LED lamps with a color temperature of around 5000-6500K are the closest artificial option to mimic natural sunlight.
it isnt * * * * * It is used in fluorescent lamps.