0
Because of different in speeds of cpu the system bus and the memory circut
What else can I help you with?
How many machine cycles do ADD and LHLD instructions have?
In the context of the 8085 microprocessor, the ADD instruction takes 1 machine cycle to execute, as it operates directly on the accumulator and the specified register. On the other hand, the LHLD (Load H and L Direct) instruction requires 3 machine cycles, as it involves reading data from a specified memory address into the L and H registers.
What memory on a computer can be easily lost?
Memory that requires power to maintain it is "volatile memory" and includes RAM. RAM is random access memory, and, to keep it simple, the data put in RAM by the microprocessor is lost when power to the RAM is interrupted. That's like when the machine is shut down or loses power. Data stored in RAM "disappears" if the memory is not "kept alive" by the power supply. RAM is not designed to "hold" data when the machine powers off. Computers don't rely on RAM to "remember" what is in it at shut down. When the machine boots up next work cycle, RAM is reloaded with what the microprocessor wants in it to support operations.
What is the difference between instruction cycle and machine cycle?
an instruction cycle may consist of a number of machine cycles.
Difference between register and memory?
Registers are storage locations internal the the processor. CPU instructions operate on these values directly. On RISC processors, all data must be moved into a register before it can be operated. On CISC (Intel) chips, there are a few operations that can load data from RAM, process it, and save the result back out, but the fastest operations work directly with registers. Also, there are registers that are set aside for certain tasks, these generally include a program counter, stack, and flags. Each register also has a size that determines the maximum amount of data that can be processed at a time. The registers on Pentium chips, for example, are 32 bits. Finally, there are generally only a few registers available on a processer. Intel chips, for example, have 6 general purpose registers, and several specialized registers including a base register, stack register, flags register, program counter, and some addressing registers. Memory, or RAM, is located external to the CPU. Generally speaking, data has to be loaded into a CPU register from memory before the CPU can process it, RAM is much slower than registers, there is a lot more RAM than registers, and generally memory can be addressed on a byte boundaries, where registers may not be able to access all the bytes in a register. To summarize: in general, registers are temporary storage in the CPU that holds the data the processor is currently working on, while RAM holds the program instructions and the data the program requires. Hopefuly this helps, --Eric Tolman
How would you describe the fetch execute cycle?
Fetch Execute Cycle A more complete form of the Instruction Fetch Execute Cycle can be broken down into the following steps: 1. Fetch Cycle 2. Decode Cycle 3. Execute Cycle 4. Interrupt Cycle 1. Fetch Cycle The fetch cycle begins with retrieving the address stored in the Program Counter (PC). The address stored in the PC is some valid address in the memory holding the instruction to be executed. (In case this address does not exist we would end up causing an interrupt or exception).The Central Processing Unit completes this step by fetching the instruction stored at this address from the memory and transferring this instruction to a special register - Instruction Register (IR) to hold the instruction to be executed. The program counter is incremented to point to the next address from which the new instruction is to be fetched. 2. Decode Cycle The decode cycle is used for interpreting the instruction that was fetched in the Fetch Cycle. The operands are retrieved from the addresses if the need be. 3. Execute Cycle This cycle as the name suggests, simply executes the instruction that was fetched and decoded
Why register to register instruction is faster?
Register to register addressing mode is faster because you don't have to do an extra memory access cycle or more.Register to register addressing mode is faster because:Registers are part of and are directly accessibility by the CPU assembly.They electronics that make up a register use more expensive but faster circuitry.Since it does not require memory access, the steps and time involved in memory address decoding and memory access are skipped.
What is the name of the cycle in which an instruction is taken from memory and loaded into the instruction register?
Fetch
What is a memory performance?
it is defined by access time and cycle time
How does fetch decode cycle work?
The program counter in the processor holds the address of the next instruction needed from main memory. The program counter copies its contents into the memory address register. The memory address register then sends the address along the address bus to main memory and the contents of the memory location specified by the address are sent along the data bus to the memory buffer register. The contents of the memory buffer register are then copied to the current instruction register where they are decoded and executed.
How does fetch decode execute cycle work?
The program counter in the processor holds the address of the next instruction needed from main memory. The program counter copies its contents into the memory address register. The memory address register then sends the address along the address bus to main memory and the contents of the memory location specified by the address are sent along the data bus to the memory buffer register. The contents of the memory buffer register are then copied to the current instruction register where they are decoded and executed.
Which step of the machine cycle retrieves the next program instruction from memory?
fetch
How many machine cycle are required in LDA 2050H?
It will require 4 machine cycles, 1.opcode fetch 2.memory read 3. memory read 4. memory write
Instruction cycle with indirect?
In an instruction cycle with indirect addressing, the CPU fetches the instruction, decodes it to determine the memory address of the operand stored in a register, fetches the operand from the memory location pointed to by the register, and executes the instruction using the operand. Finally, the CPU stores the result back in memory if needed. This extra step of fetching the operand based on the indirect memory address adds complexity to the instruction cycle.
What is the definition of fetch cycle?
Fetch cycle is defined as a part of instruction cycle in which data is fetched from the memory pointed by Holds the address of a memory block to be read from or written to) and stores the data in MDR( a two-way register that holds data fetched from memory (and ready for the CPU to process) or data waiting to be stored in memory) for further processing. Instruction cycle= Fetch cycle+ Execute cycle
How do the contents of the MAR and MDR registers changes during the fetch decode execute cycle?
During the fetch-decode-execute cycle, the Memory Address Register (MAR) holds the address of the memory location from which data is to be fetched or to which data is to be written. In the fetch phase, the MAR is loaded with the address of the next instruction to be executed. The Memory Data Register (MDR) then temporarily holds the data fetched from memory or the data to be written to memory. As the cycle progresses, the contents of the MAR and MDR are updated based on the memory operations required for executing the instruction.
Memory access time and cycle time?
Memory access time is corresponding to the time interval between the read/write request and the availability of the data. cycle time representing the minimum time interval between two successive accesses
Is cache memory faster than CPU registers?
what is the difference between cache & register ? Cache memory is random access memory (RAM) that a computer microprocessor can access more quickly than it can access regular RAM. As the microprocessor processes data, it looks first in the cache memory and if it finds the data there (from a previous reading of data), it does not have to do the more time-consuming reading of data from larger memory. The register is a small set of data holding places that are part of a computer processor . A register may hold a computer instruction , a storage address, or any kind of data (such as a bit ..."
