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Homologous refers to the similarity in structure and function of different parts and organs of different animals. For example, a human hand is homologous to a dog paw; a bird's wings are homologous to human arms.

Vestigial refers to parts and organs that, due to historic evolution and development, may no longer be necessary. For example, the tail bone has no purpose or function in modern human structure, and neither do some of the muscles that surround the human ear. Also, whales have unnecessary bones in the back portion of their bodies that appear to have once been used to support legs; this indicates, from an evolutionary perspective, that whales may once have been land animals. Now that they live only in water, those remaining leg bones are vestigial.

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Q: What is the difference between homologous and vestigial?
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What is the difference between vestigial homologous and analogous?

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What causes the difference between the ancestor and modern koalas?

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