BOD tests the amount of oxygen that is used up in a sample due to organic matter (bacteria). The results tell us the quality of organic matter the sample. 5 days is the best time because after five days some of the bacteria changes and becomes nitrifying (feeds off nitrogen instead of oxygen). It's almost always used to test wastewater.
You might use a toothbrush. You might use soap. You might use a sponge. You might use a towel. You might use a facecloth. You might use a facewash. You might use water.
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There are generally no standards for an absolute BOD5 value of drinking water. However, a sample with a BOD5 between 1 and 2 mg/L indicates a very clean water
BOD5 for tap water are usually 0 ppm,
A COD test measures all of the chemicals in a sample which can be oxidized. A BOD5 test measures the total amount of food (or organic carbons) that bacteria can oxidize (in 5 days).A COD test result (that can be performed in about 2 hours) can be correlated to an expected BOD5 result (which takes 5 days).by rislys
COD is usually greater than BOD5 as it measures the oxidation of all organics, not just the biodegradable ones
BOD is inversely proportional to COD
Microoganisms move primarily dissolved organic and some small organic particulates which contribute some toxicity but mostly BOD5 levels
wastewater treatment ponds used to remove organic material and pathogens so as to reduce the BOD5 content before disharging the waste into the aquatic ecosystem are called Oxidation Ponds
BOD5 values are calculated at a fixed temperature as described in "Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Waste Water" Highrer temperatures would lead to higher (wrong) values.
magnesium sulphate, calcium chloride and ferric chloride are added to provided optimum environment and phosphate buffer is added to slow down the rate of death of microbes.
As BOD5 depends on the growth of microbes the test can be adversely affected by * Temperature * Toxics * Turbidity * Light * Agitation * Species of Microbe * Microbial contamination by a wild population * Nature of the organics present * Skill of the analyst * Data entry errors * Lack of blanks and samples of known strength * Equipment accuracy and maintenance
As much as "Standard Methods" has a reproducible procedure for BOD5 the procedure is dependent on the activities of microorganisms and they can cause variations beyond the control of the lab worker - temperature, O2 diffusion, toxics etc can all affect the outcome. This is especiall true in ding round robin testing where a lab may be getting consistent results but not the same as another lab.
Many types of pollution are multisourced. Examples: * Carbon dioxide - fuel combustion, volcanos, respiration * Methane: Gas wells, cattle, anaerobic decomposition * SOx: Fuel combustion, volcanos, sulfur fires * Hydrocarbons (VOCs): Paint, pine forests, automobiles * Heavy metals: Mines, acid rain leaching, dumpsites * BOD5: Farms, sewers, cemeteries