Yes, it's called Zakkah or Sadaqaa
The Islamic guidelines for righteous living are called the Islamic law or Shariah. Refer to related question below.
Islamic people worship a god called banana
-Islamic Republic of Afghanistan -Islamic Republic of Iran -Islamic Republic of Mauritania -Islamic Republic of Pakistan
I don't think you can make money for Islam by investing in shares and getting intrest on fixed deposits as it is against Islamic teachings.
They are called Muslims.
"Islamic" means that it is related to the religion called "Islam". Such countries had, and still have, a population which, in their majority, was islamic.
The Quran
Musallah
jinns
Muslim
Sufi