No. The special summon text of cards like Scrap Orthros only apply while the card is in hand, unless stated otherwise.
His initial special summon must be from hand, using the text on his card. If you do this correctly, and he then goes to the graveyard, you can special summon him back to the field with cards like Call of the Haunted. If however the summon is negated, or he is simply discarded to the graveyard, you cannot special summon him from the graveyard by any means. Nor can an external effect special summon him from hand, it must be his own.
Unless specifically stated otherwise, a monster special summon method is for when it is in the hand only. So Treeborn Frog special summons itself from the graveyard because the effect says so. But Cyber Dragon special summons from hand - even though it does not say so, the hand is the default zone, it cannot special summon itself from the gfraveyard. Likewise, Hardened Armed Dragon must be in your hand to use its special summon effect.
To Special Summon Judgment Dragon, you must have at least 4 different Lightsworn monsters in your Graveyard. Once this criteria is fullfilled, you can Special Summon it from your Hand onto the field.
As long as the 'Cyber Twin Dragon' was properly summoned initially, by Fusion Summon, and was then destroyed, then yes, you can resummon it from the graveyard with 'Call of the Haunted'. If the 'Cyber Twin Dragon' got to the graveyard by the following methods - sent from Extra Deck by 'Gale Dogra', special summoned but not Fusion Summoned by 'Cyber Stein', or had its Fusion Summon negated, then it cannot be special summoned from the graveyard.
Special summon Quickdraw Synchron discarding Level Eater, special summon Level Eater from the graveyard, then sync them. Level Eater -- 1 star If this card is in the Graveyard, you can activate its effect by selecting 1 face-up Level 5 or higher monster you control. Reduce that monster's Level by 1. Special Summon this card from the Graveyard. This card cannot be Tributed except for a Tribute Summon. Quickdraw Synchron -- 5 star You can send 1 monster from your hand to the Graveyard and Special Summon this card from your hand. You can substitute this card for any 1 "Synchron" Tuner for a Synchro Summon. This card cannot be used as a Synchro Material Monster, except for the Synchro Summon of a monster that lists a "Synchron" monster as a Tuner monster.
No, unless stated otherwise, a monster special summon effect works from the hand. Treeborn Frog special summons itself from the graveyard, because it says so. DD Survivor special summons itself from the removed from play zone, etc. But Dark Armed Dragon can only special summon itself from hand.
No, unless specifically stated otherwise on the card, a monster's special summon requires it to be summoned from your hand, or in the case of Synchro and XYZ monsters, from the Extra Deck.Plaguespreader Zombie can special summon itself from the graveyard because it says it can. But you cannot use for example, the special summon requirements on Chaos Sorcerer, or an XYZ monster, while they are in the graveyard.
If it is originally in your hand, then yes, you may send the Machina Fortress in hand as well as one other monster, and then special summon that same Machina Fortress from the graveyard.
No, the only time a monster can special summon itself from the graveyard, is if it specifically says so - Plaguespreader Zombie for example. If it doesn't specify, then the default zone for special summoning is from the hand.
No, Aqua Spirit can only be special summoned from hand that way. The only time a monster can summon itself from a different zone, is if it specifically says it can. Plaguespreader Zombie is one - it states that it summons itself from the graveyard. But without such text, then they can only summon themselves from hand.
His initial special summon must be from hand, using the text on his card. If you do this correctly, and he then goes to the graveyard, you can special summon him back to the field with cards like Call of the Haunted. If however the summon is negated, or he is simply discarded to the graveyard, you cannot special summon him from the graveyard by any means. Nor can an external effect special summon him from hand, it must be his own.
Unless specifically stated otherwise, a monster special summon method is for when it is in the hand only. So Treeborn Frog special summons itself from the graveyard because the effect says so. But Cyber Dragon special summons from hand - even though it does not say so, the hand is the default zone, it cannot special summon itself from the gfraveyard. Likewise, Hardened Armed Dragon must be in your hand to use its special summon effect.
A monster's special summon method, unless specifically stated otherwise, is from hand only. You can remove a Light and Dark monster to summon Chaos Sorcerer only while it is in hand.Plaguespreader Zombie is an example of a monster who can special summon itself from another zone, the graveyard in his case.
Special Summoning from the Graveyard requires an effect that specifically allows you to do so. Call of the Haunted, as an example, allows a player to select and Special Summon one monster from their respective Graveyard in face-up Attack Position.
No, because it wasn't 'properly' special summoned. To be able to special summon a Ritual Monster from the graveyard, it has to be initially summoned by Ritual Summon. Ritual Foregone does not Ritual Summon.
No, only from your hand. They can be special summoned from graveyard by cards like Monster Reborn if they were properly summoned initially before they went there. However you can't resummon them from the graveyard with their Ritual Spell Card.
If you properly Special Summoned him first, and he is then destroyed, you can special summon him back from the graveyard with cards like Monster Reborn. You do not need to remove another Light and Dark monster to do this, and just as important, you cannot remove a Light and Dark monster to special summon him from the graveyard, he can only be summoned from hand by doing that.