Science/Natural Law
observation
when it is consistent with observation
In order to transform the observation of a natural phenomenon into a valid scientific experiment the following conditions must be fulfilled * It has to be a quantitative observation, that is a relationship between quantities expressing the measures of physical or chemical variables has to be obtained; * The way in which the measure has been achieved has to be carefully described so that the measure can be repeated with exactly the same procedure by different scientists, in different places and in different times; * The measurement error has to be carefully evaluated on the ground of the characteristics of the adopted measure procedure and instruments; * Every time the measure is repeated by different persons in different places and in different times the same results have to be obtained within the measurement errors; For example the so called cold fusion is not a valid scientific experiment since the results obtained in the first experiment by Fleischmann and Pons are not reproducible in other labs and the experiment procedure has never been explained in detail. Naturally, if someone claims a result but the claim is based on an observation that is not a valid experiment, it is not a scientific result, but nothing can be told on the base phenomenon, simply it has not been observed correctly.
The most important characteristic is that it be objective, i.e., free from bias.
The importance of a hypothesis is measured by its explanatory power. If you have a valid explanation for some previously mysterious or unknown phenomenon, and if your explanation can be experimentally verified, then that is important.
A theory must provide an explanation for an observation and be reinforced by observational data and experimentation.
The hypothesis supported by thousands of scientists states that the same observation or phenomenon is reproducible and valid across multiple experiments and studies. This consensus among scientists adds credibility and strength to the hypothesis.
observation
a. Naturalistic observation involves observing and recording behavior in a natural setting without interference or manipulation by the researcher. It does not aim to recreate natural conditions in a laboratory setting.
when it is consistent with observation
If a hypothesis does not explain an observation, it may be rejected as a valid explanation for that particular phenomenon. Scientists typically revise or discard hypotheses that fail to account for observed data in order to develop more accurate models and theories. This iterative process helps refine our understanding of the natural world.
The term that is defined as "ideas without substance are not part of the natural universe" is empiricism. Empiricism emphasizes the importance of sensory experience and evidence in forming knowledge, asserting that only verifiable information derived from observation should be considered valid.
In order to transform the observation of a natural phenomenon into a valid scientific experiment the following conditions must be fulfilled * It has to be a quantitative observation, that is a relationship between quantities expressing the measures of physical or chemical variables has to be obtained; * The way in which the measure has been achieved has to be carefully described so that the measure can be repeated with exactly the same procedure by different scientists, in different places and in different times; * The measurement error has to be carefully evaluated on the ground of the characteristics of the adopted measure procedure and instruments; * Every time the measure is repeated by different persons in different places and in different times the same results have to be obtained within the measurement errors; For example the so called cold fusion is not a valid scientific experiment since the results obtained in the first experiment by Fleischmann and Pons are not reproducible in other labs and the experiment procedure has never been explained in detail. Naturally, if someone claims a result but the claim is based on an observation that is not a valid experiment, it is not a scientific result, but nothing can be told on the base phenomenon, simply it has not been observed correctly.
The most important characteristic is that it be objective, i.e., free from bias.
Facts are pieces of information that can be proven true or valid, while figures and other evidence gathered through observation are known as data or empirical evidence. These data points help support or refute various claims or hypotheses.
A logical interpretation based on observation is a conclusion drawn from facts or evidence that aligns with reasoning and common sense. It relies on the information gathered through observation to draw a valid and sound conclusion that is supported by a logical process of thinking.
observations can be more valid because when you observe things you are kind of making small facts about it and facts are valid unlike opinions which is giving something you think is valid from your point of view but you are not sure for a fact that its real so to make that short opinions are saying what you believe.