Yes, the evidence from systematics, Paleontology, botany and field Biology plus the findings of the founders of population genetics.
No. Evolution is based on empirical, scientific data. It is in no way a merely social philosophical construct. The conjecture was founded upon hard physical evidence, and was built into a solid, robust theory, which now forms the foundation tying all the biological sciences together into one unified whole. Evolution underpins biology the way the plate tectonics underlies geology.
It is analysis, as opposed to synthesis - which is putting together.
Structures which are apparently different and performing different functions but their basic structure is similar are called homologous structures and indicate common ancestry eg. fore limbs of bat , whale , horse dog and man apparently different but are made up of humerus , radius , ulna , carpel , metacarpals and phalanges .
The chemical process known as polymerization.
Fossils are like the clues the police use to solve a crime. Together they paint a picture of the truth - in this case the truth is evolution Each one tells a story. Like clues to a crime, where the police don't have to find a print of every footstep taken by a subject or confirm every thing that he did, the clues paint a logical outline of all the events around the crime. Like clues in a crime the police do not initially identify a person they want to pin the crime on and then seek to tie him to the event - they find a number of clues which identify potential subjects of interest. They then attempt to prove the relation of these suspects to the crime until the trail of evidence is strong and dependable. Usually multiple facts on the same evidence are considered - for a crime it might be fingerprints and video tape and eye witnesses, for fossils it could be carbon 14 and dendrochronology and geologic strata.
Because evolution is the backbone of modern biology. It ties together the various branches of biology. Evolution very much affects modern agriculture and medical science.
The most compelling evidence, as well as the greatest amount of observational data to support the evolutionary model and aid in its refinement, comes from genetics and comparative genomics. The genomic record (the complete library of all sequenced genomes and the genes they contain) is by far the most complete record of evolution that we have at our disposal. Additionally, the fossil record can be used to test and verify hypotheses regarding timing of emergence, behaviours and morphology of ancestral forms.
Evolution is a fact. The theory of evolution by natural selection is what you are trying to talk about. When someone says " evolution is just a theory " they are using the vulgar, common sense of the word theory. They mean guess, hunch and the like. The theory of evolution by natural selection is in the scientific sense of the word theory, which means a body of explanatory work supported by myriad lines of converging evidence that has been tested rigouusly and replicated often. Any good dictionary uses this scientific meaning of theory as the primary meaning of the word.
Darwin's work is referred to as The Great Synthesis because, to build his theory of evolution, Darwin used ideas from other scientists such as Malthus, Lyell, Lamarck, Mendel, Linnaeus, (and probably a few others that I'm forgetting... that geology guy that talked about gradualism?). Anyway, Darwin stands apart from these men because he managed to compile a ton of evidence supporting his hypotheses, and created a coherent theory! So, it's a "synthesis" because he brought lots of facts and ideas together to make his most famous book, "On the Origin of Species."
Neo-Darwinism is the modern version of the Darwinian theory of evolution, which incorporates the principles of genetics to explain how inheritable variations can arise by mutation. Darwin did not have any knowledge of modern genetics and this idea puts the two together.
Indirect evidence in evolution refers to evidence that supports a particular evolutionary hypothesis through inference rather than direct observation. This can include fossil records, comparative anatomy, embryology, and molecular biology studies that provide clues about the relationships between different species and how they have evolved over time. This type of evidence helps scientists piece together the history and patterns of evolution.
Pea Plants
If you mean, "are they ignorant for being in evolution," then no. The theory of evolution is a well-founded, heavily detailed theory with an enormous amount of evidence behind it. The theory of evolution is used to study disease. It's used to study agriculture. It's used to bring together all of the sciences pertaining to life.
Intermediaries, such as fossils and genetic evidence, provide a record of gradual changes over time that support the theory of evolution. Fossils show transitions between different groups of organisms, while genetic evidence reveals similarities in DNA sequences among different species, indicating a common ancestry. Together, these sources of evidence help demonstrate the process of evolution and the relationships between species.
Scientists study a variety of evidence to understand the evolution of life on Earth, including fossil records, comparative anatomy, molecular biology, and biogeography. By examining how organisms have changed over time and how they are related to one another, scientists can piece together the evolutionary history of life on our planet.
Synthesis
synthesis