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1.) Mitochondria and plastids are relatively the same size as bacteria

2.) Mitochondria and plastids have nucleiod DNA molecules - just like bacteria.

3.) Mitochondria and plastids reproduce the same way as bacteria - binary fission.

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Which discovery supported the endosymbiotic theory?

The discovery of mitochondria and chloroplasts having their own DNA, ribosomes, and double membrane structure supports the endosymbiotic theory, which proposes that these organelles were once free-living prokaryotes that were engulfed by ancestral eukaryotic cells. This evidence suggests that they evolved from symbiotic relationships between different cell types.


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The presence of organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts with their own DNA and membrane structure closely resembling that of bacteria supports the theory of endosymbiosis, where a prokaryotic cell engulfed another prokaryotic cell and formed a symbiotic relationship over time. Additionally, the fact that these organelles replicate independently of the host cell and have similarities to certain types of bacteria further strengthens the endosymbiotic theory of eukaryotic cell evolution.


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What supports the idea that eukaryotic cells evolved after prokaryotic cells?

In a basic sense, eukaryotic cells are more complex than prokaryotic cells in their shape, function, differentiation and speciation. One theory that strongly supports eukaryotic evolution from prokaryotic cells is in the mitochondria. Mitochondria actually has its own DNA that is passed from generation to generation, The structure of the mitochondria is very similar to a basic prokaryotic cell, and some research has even indicated that the mito-DNA is actually similar to old bacterial DNA. This supports that perhaps at one point, a eukaryotic cell injested a bacterial cell, and instead of digesting it, the bacterium just stayed inside the euklaryotic cell and the two became one (this is a gross oversimplification, but the general idea remains the same).


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Embryology provides evidence for evolution by showing similarities in the early stages of development among different species, suggesting a common ancestry. This supports the idea that organisms have evolved from a shared ancestor over time.


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