Any time there's a barrier... physical, geographical (distance), or behavioral... between the two that means they no longer reproduce with each other but only within their own group.
Populations can become reproductively isolated through mechanisms such as geographic isolation (resulting in allopatric speciation), behavioral differences (resulting in prezygotic isolation), or genetic changes that lead to incompatibility between individuals (resulting in postzygotic isolation). These barriers prevent gene flow between populations, leading to their divergence and ultimately speciation.
genetic drift
Speciation
Geographic isolation, where physical barriers prevent gene flow between populations, can cause reproductive isolation. This can lead to genetic differences accumulating over time, ultimately resulting in the development of separate species.
If two populations of a species become isolated, it means that they are separated from each other and cannot interbreed. Over time, this isolation can lead to genetic differences between the populations, potentially resulting in the development of new species through the process of evolution.
Sympatric Speciation
Over time, the populations may become genetically distinct from one another due to accumulation of different mutations. This can lead to the evolution of new species if the genetic differences become significant enough to prevent successful reproduction between individuals from the two populations.
Reproductively Isolated.
Speciation
Isolation can be due to behavioral, geographical, or temporal barriers.
Geographic isolation, where physical barriers prevent gene flow between populations, can cause reproductive isolation. This can lead to genetic differences accumulating over time, ultimately resulting in the development of separate species.
When the members of two populations cannot interbreed and produce fertile offspring.
If two sub-populations of a species become reproductively isolated, it means that adaptation or genetic drift can make the two populations diverge genetically. If, as a result of this divergence, upon reintroduction, members of the two sub-populations no longer reproduce successfully, the two sub-populations have become different species.
Increasing divergence between reproductively isolated populations, occasionally leading to speciation, is one effect of evolution.
If two populations of the same species no longer interbreed then their differences will start to become more pronounced and eventually they will become so different that they will be classified as two different sub-species.
genetic divergence
It usually is some sort of physical barrier like an large space between islands.
There's no "the" law of evolution.There are various lawS of evolution though. For instance, it is a law of evolution that reproductively isolated populations will always diverge genetically.
Biological Species Concept, which defines species as groups of interbreeding populations that are reproductively isolated from other groups.