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The 1935 Constitution of the Philippines established the Commonwealth of the Philippines and emphasized a presidential system, a bicameral legislature, and a Bill of Rights. In contrast, the 1973 Constitution introduced a parliamentary system, allowing for a Prime Minister and a more centralized executive power, reflecting the political context of martial law under Ferdinand Marcos. Additionally, the 1973 Constitution included provisions for national sovereignty and social justice, aiming to address issues of governance and social inequality. The shift from a presidential to a parliamentary system marked a significant divergence in the organization of government between the two constitutions.

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