Yes, US citizens can travel to certain countries without a visa.
You will have to apply for a visa, which is quite easy to get.
Yes, a US citizen needs a visa to travel to France for stays longer than 90 days. For stays less than 90 days, US citizens can travel to France without a visa under the Visa Waiver Program.
Yes, a US citizen needs a visa to travel to Russia.
Yes, an Indian citizen needs a visa to travel to Jamaica.
Yes, a European citizen needs a visa to travel to the USA, unless they are eligible for the Visa Waiver Program.
Yes, a Colombian citizen can travel to the USA with a valid visa or through the Visa Waiver Program.
If you are citizen of a country which allows you to travel through EU, then answer is yes - you do not need any visa
Since the UK and Italy are both a part of the European Union, you can travel visa-free to the UK if you are an Italian citizen (or vice versa).
Your indefinite leave to remain in the UK doesn't allow you to travel without a visa. So basically you can travel between the Gambia and UK. If you successfully apply for citizenship and then get a British passport, you can travel freely throughout Europe and to any country that a British citizen can travel to without the need for a visa.
Yes, a US citizen does not need a visa to travel to London for stays up to 6 months.
If you are a Spanish National or a citizen of another European country then you do not need a visa to travel to Ireland. Anyone who holds a passport and is a citizen of the European Union is free to travel anywhere within the union.