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Lou Altenwerth ∙
The 'libretto' is the words or story of the opera.
The basso continuo was important to the Baroque era because it accompanied the melody line while filling in the harmony.
Beethoven considered himself outside the bounds of the patronage system.
Mussorgsky
concerts were unusually long by today's standards (apex)Concerts were unusually long by today's standards.
Secular music
Claude Debussy was born in Paris, France.
polytonality
the surprise symphony (apex)