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☆☆☆☆☆South Carolina threatened to secede in 1833 with the Nullification Act.
To protect American factory owners against competition from British manufacturers
John Jay.
[ also the answer for NovaNet. ]
In 1824, John Quincy Adams was elected President. There were four candidates that received a substantial number of electoral votes, so that no one candidate received a majority. Therefore, in accordance with the US Constitution, the House of Representatives chose the president. Jackson got the most electoral votes and also won in popular votes but with some political maneuvering mostly by Henry Clay, Adams prevailed. Adams made Clay his Secretary of State and Jackson people screamed ,"Foul Play!", but it was all legal.
The railroad, which could be built to connect more places more easily and cheaply and could transport more goods over greater distances in less time at lower cost than canals. Or The introduction of trains: Nova Net
This was the first sitting Supreme Court of the USA. Every decision made by that court established the original precedent for all subsequent cases in the USA. Perhaps the most important was Marbury vs Madison where the precedent was established for the Supreme Court to review laws for "Constitutionality".
Their views were very different. After consolidating all the US foreign debt, the national debt and the state's debts (largely war costs), Hamilton saw the loans from Europe at 4 % instead of 6% as a breather for a few years while to give a chance for our economy to develop. He had set up a 'sinking fund' which was responsible for paying it off.
Jefferson abhorred a national debt and it was a very high priority to pay it off ASAP. Very noble but then we had no money available to keep our security strong at home and Britain was tempted to take advantage and thus led us to the War of 1812-14. Jefferson did not understand finances.
Jefferson also detested banks, the stock market, and manufacturing. He did not understand the value of their contribution. He denigrated Hamilton and his economic system. His first objective when he became president was to have his Secretary of Treasury, the esteemed Swiss Albert Gallatin, review all Hamilton's systems and root them out of being! After the review was done, Jefferson was told that the system was perfect and if you removed one part it would all fail. Jefferson, Madison, and Monroe all benefited from Hamilton's economic system throughout their 24 years of Presidencies.
The ironic thing is that Jefferson was only able to purchase the Louisiana Territory because of Hamilton's financial credit success. Most of it was obtained through European lenders.
Jefferson wanted to pay off the debt; Hamilton did not
It would allow farm ownership to continue.
the south had fertile soil and a warm climate
To starve the British and close their factories
The South had fewer large cities than the north.
