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☆☆☆☆☆The Magna Carta was a document guaranteeing basic political rights in England.
Magna Carta is Latin for "Great Charter". The document outlined rights which became part of English law and which are now the foundation of the constitution of all countries which speak English. It did not grant any new rights, but it did protect existing rights in writing. These rights included the basic right of anyone convicted of a crime to a jury trial; protection of private property; reasonable limits on taxes and a degree of guaranteed religious freedom. The Magna Carta was a significant influence on the long historical process that has resulted in the rule of constitutional law today.
The Magna Carta came about because King John (who only became king in 1199 when his brother King Richard I died) had a reputation for being tyrannical. His reign was marred by continuous war losses, beginning with the loss of Normandy to Philippe Auguste of France and ending with England torn by civil war. King John risked being forced out of power because of his mismanagement. By 1215, England's nobility was fed up with paying extra taxation. Members of this nobility rebelled and captured London. In June, the King met these barons at Runnymede on the River Thames to try and reach a peaceful settlement. The King reluctantly agreed to their demands by signing the Magna Carta on 15 June 1215. It was intended to limit the powers of the monarch and proclaimed certain liberties for "freemen".
Many later documents such as the US Constitution were based upon the Magna Carta.
To make Jerusalem a Christian city To drive Muslims out of Jerusalem.
To retake the Holy Land
- An increase in trade
- An increase in the power of popes
- A weakening of the Byzantine Empire
they returned Europe to a time of chaos
They rolled back the advances of Charlemagne.
They helped cause the rise of feudalism.
Safavids were Shiite, and Ottomans were Sunni.
Ottomans were Sunni, and Safavids were not
Crusaders brought back information from Muslims to Europe Crusaders brought ancient texts from Muslim libraries to Europe Crusaders brought back ancient texts to Europe.
Decayed
Barbaric
Unorganized
The most direct result of excess crop production was reduced food prices.
Kiev
Russian
Western
Ivan the Great
Recapturing lost Roman lands
Some elements that defined Ottoman art include:
Lack of human figures
Elaborate designs
Constantinople was located on major trade routes.
The purpose of Mendel's dihybrid cross experiment was to find out if one trait can affect the inheritance of other traits.
decayed
seeking riches
Conquering Jerusalem.
Apex.
The Mediterranean.
Apex.
Muslims
Investment.
Apex.
