Russia had dropped out of World War 1 in 1917 and the new Bolshevist government had signed a separate peace treaty with Germany, so Russia was not involved in any way with the Treaty of Versailles.
increased military casualties in battles fought during the war
After the Austro-Hungary monarchy declared war on Serbia, France and Russia who were protecting Serbia declared war on Austria-Hungary. and then Germany declared war on Russia and France, then UK declared war on Germany...
Nationalism is the term that best describes a country formed on shared culture, language and history.
Vietnam used to be Indochina during colonial times and was a French colony.
Renaissance Naturalism
how was the Versailles treaty inconsistent on the issues of national self determination
how
Mostly Germany and Japan.
Germany guaranteed Austria-Hungary its support in the conflict with Serbia.
German submarine attacks on merchant ships
creating the league of nations.
It allowed France and Russia to mobilize their militaries faster than Germany had thought possible
Rushing to secure colonial territories of their own throughout Africa ( Apex 2021)
competing with great britain to build europes most powerful military