the chromosome number would double in every generation
Fossils, although technically they are not preserved in the earths crust; the minerals in the bones and pore spaces have been replaced by other harder minerals which take much longer to weather.
There are a number of different fossilization processes. See this link :
How are Fossils Formed?
as nucleotide base sequences that make up genes
sexual reproduction
an individual produced asexually by binary fission
''A disease caused by explosure to chemicals''
parthenogenesis
Mitosis
Thousands
binary fission