0
Rate this Study Guide:
☆☆☆☆☆Engel v. Vitale, 370 US 421 (1962)
William J. Vitale, the respondent in the US Supreme Court case Engel v. Vitale, was President of the Board of Education of Union Free School District No. 9 (aka Herricks School District).
For more information, see Related Questions, below.
Charles Katz was convicted in California of illegal gambling. He had used a public pay phone booth in Los Angeles to place bets in Miami and Boston. Unbeknownst to Katz, the FBI had recorded his conversation via an electronic eavesdropping device attached to the exterior of the phone booth. Katz was convicted based on recordings of his end of the conversations. He challenged his conviction, arguing that the recordings could not be used as evidence against him. The Court of Appeals sided with the FBI because there was not a physical intrusion into the phone booth itself. The Supreme Court granted certiorari.
The majority in Katz changed how the Fourth Amendment was interpreted. Prior to Katz a physical intrusion into some protected space was required before the Fourth Amendment was violated. In Katz, the police had bugged an enclosed phone booth in such a way that there was no physical intrusion, but they could overhear what Mr. Katz was saying inside the booth. The majority ruled that the Fourth Amendment protects people, not places. They ruled that Mr. Katz had a "reasonable expectation of privacy" inside the enclosed phone booth; and that the Fourth Amendment had been violated since the police did not have a search warrant.
The citation is Katz v. United States, 389 US 347 (1967).
The Tinker Stander is giving students the right of free speech. With this you may not disrupt class or abuse the rights of others. Also I would say that the impact on schools today is that teachers cannot "brainwash" students. Today's students now have the right to learn and express their opinions - obviously in a peaceful manner that does not violate social conduct or infringe on the rights of others.
How does the supreme court's decision in each case affect the rights of american citizen?
Gideon
it applied the protection to the federal to the federal government as well as to the states
The Court has interpreted equal protection as supporting expanded civil rights for minorities and women.
it limited it by saying that opposition to the draft was a danger to the country during wartime.
