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What is the difference between presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons?
Presynaptic neurons release the neurotransmitter in response to an action potential. Postsynaptic neurons receive the neurotransmitter (and can however become presynaptic to the next nerve cell, if the neurotransmitter has stimulated the cell enough).
As the action potential frequency in a presynaptic neuron increases the number of vesicles undergoing exocytosis and the number of released neurotransmitter molecules?
Increases, leading to more neurotransmitter release at the synapse. This can result in a stronger postsynaptic response in the receiving neuron.
What a neurotransmitter is?
A neurotransmitter is a chemical or peptide in synapses, usually between neurons, a neuron and muscle or a neuron and other organ. The neurotransmitter transmits information to and from and within the brain. When a neurotransmitter is released from the presynaptic cell in response to depolarization of the cell by an action potential, it diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds a receptor or ligand-gated ion channel on the postsynaptic cell. Binding on the postsynaptic cell alters the resting potential of the postsynaptic cell in either an inhibitory or excitatory manner, making the cell less susceptible or more susceptible (respectively) to an action potential. Examples include, but are not limited to, acetylcholine, GABA, noradrenaline, serotonin and dopamine.
Is it true that a post synaptic potential is a graded potential that is the result of a neurotransmitter released into the synapse between two neurons?
Yes, that is correct. A postsynaptic potential is a localized change in the membrane potential of a postsynaptic neuron in response to neurotransmitters binding to receptors on its membrane. This results in a graded potential that can either excite or inhibit the postsynaptic neuron's firing.
Are neurotransmitter expelled from the presynaptic cells?
Yes, neurotransmitters are released from the presynaptic cells into the synaptic cleft where they can bind to receptors on the postsynaptic cell. This release occurs in response to an action potential traveling down the axon of the presynaptic neuron.
Where do neurotransmitters that bind the postsynaptic membrane generate?
Neurotransmitters that bind to the postsynaptic membrane generate a response by either depolarizing or hyperpolarizing the postsynaptic neuron. This response can lead to the generation of an action potential if the threshold is reached, propagating the signal further along the neuron.
What are characteristics of neurotransmitters?
Neurotransmitters are released in response to stimulation. They alter the physiology of the postsynaptic cell. They are synthesized by a presynaptic neuron. They bind to specific receptors on the postsynaptic cell.
What neurotransmitter is in the locus coeruleus?
The locus coeruleus predominantly releases the neurotransmitter norepinephrine (noradrenaline). This neurotransmitter plays a key role in the regulation of arousal, attention, and the stress response.
What is the difference between presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons in the context of synaptic transmission?
Presynaptic neurons send signals, while postsynaptic neurons receive signals in synaptic transmission. Presynaptic neurons release neurotransmitters that travel across the synapse to bind to receptors on postsynaptic neurons, triggering a response.
Which example involves a cell membrane receiving?
An example of a cell membrane receiving signals is the process of neurotransmitter binding at a synapse. When a neurotransmitter is released from a neuron, it crosses the synaptic cleft and binds to specific receptors on the postsynaptic cell's membrane. This binding triggers a response within the cell, such as opening ion channels, which can initiate an action potential or other cellular responses. This process is crucial for communication between neurons and the functioning of the nervous system.
What neurotransmitter stimulates the fight or flight response?
Epinephrine, also known as adrenaline, is the neurotransmitter that stimulates the fight or flight response. It is released from the adrenal glands in response to stress or danger, preparing the body for a quick and intense reaction to a threatening situation.
What determines whether the response of a receiving neuron is excitatory or inhibitory?
The type of neurotransmitter.
