In response to increased blood pressure, parasympathetic neurons in the medulla activate the vagus nerve, which promotes a decrease in heart rate and cardiac output. This response helps to lower blood pressure by reducing the force and frequency of heart contractions. Additionally, it can enhance vasodilation, contributing to the overall decrease in vascular resistance. Consequently, the activation of these neurons plays a crucial role in maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis.
Parasympathetic activation tends to have opposite effects to sympathetic activation. This means that parasympathetic activation typically promotes "rest and digest" functions such as slowing heart rate, promoting digestion, and relaxing muscles, while sympathetic activation triggers the "fight or flight" response, increasing heart rate, dilating airways, and redirecting blood flow to muscles.
A prominent class of motor neurons in the sympathetic nervous system are involved with vasoconstriction also with an increase in the heart rate.
The neurons responsible for controlling the heart are located in the cardiovascular center of the medulla oblongata in the brainstem. These neurons regulate heart rate and strength of contractions by sending signals through the autonomic nervous system. Sympathetic neurons increase heart rate and contractility, while parasympathetic neurons slow down heart rate.
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Potassium levels DECREASE heart rate, and maybe lead to severe cardiac arrest.and for sure, this is a mechanism of how potassium level in ECF can decrease heart rate:first, the potassium level increase in ECF making its efflux increase, due to activation of potassium channels in pacemaker cells, then the slope of pacemaker action potential will decrease, which means that the duration of one beat is prolonged, and this lead to decrease the numbers of beats in one minute, which by turn means that the heart rate is decreased.
Vagus nerve stimulation can decrease heart rate by inhibiting the electrical activity of the heart's pacemaker cells, which are responsible for setting the heart rate. This can be therapeutic in conditions where a slower heart rate is beneficial, such as in certain cases of epilepsy or heart failure.
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Yes. The vagus nerve is a parasympathetic nerve that is almost always stimulating the healthy heart to have a heart rate less than the inherent rate of the SA node. The sympathetic innervation on the heart is minimal and only important during exercise.
medulla
Cardiovascular fitness can lead to a decrease in resting heart rate.