glycogen
After the glucose is absorbed into the blood it is taken to the liver and is either stored or distributed to cells throughout the body for energy. To provide enough energy for the body the liver regulates blood glucose levels. Example: excess glucose is converted to glycogen in the liver and is stored. Likewise, if blood sugar levels fall it is reconverted back to glucose. Not sure about amino acids :P
All nutrients we have taken are absorbed into the blood in the small intestine. The excess are stored in the liver from where if required is again absorbed into the blood.
The lactate is taken to the liver and converted back to pyruvate.
The gas that is taken from the air and converted to glucose in photosynthesis is carbon dioxide (CO2). Through the process of photosynthesis, plants use sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen.
Glucose can be removed from the bloodstream by cells through the process of cellular respiration, where glucose is broken down to produce energy. It can also be taken up by the liver and converted to glycogen for storage. Additionally, insulin helps facilitate the uptake of glucose by cells, lowering its concentration in the bloodstream.
Glucose is transported through the body in the bloodstream. It is absorbed into the bloodstream from the intestines after digestion and released by the liver. Glucose is then taken up by cells for energy or stored for later use.
Sugar is pure carbohydrate so it makes no difference if you cut down on your other carbohydrates if the sugar intake is great enough. Furthermore a rapid increase in blood glucose levels will lead to the sugar being taken up by muscle and liver and converted to fat (in the liver) or a precursor like lactic acid (muscle) that is then converted to fat later on (liver).
Neither in and of itself is damaging to the liver. Opioids are some of the safest drugs available as far as organ health goes. However, anything taken in excess can be damaging. Sometimes oxycodone is prescribed with Tylenol, and when this is the case it is the Tylenol that can damage the liver, if taken in excess. As always, take these meds as prescribed and you should have no trouble.
Carbon dioxide is taken in by plants, and converted to glucose during photosynthesis. Most plants convert the glucose to starch for storage. It may be retained in the leaves, and sometimes it's stored in a seed, or in a special organ for vegetative reproduction such as a potato tuber.
Most of the mass of glucose comes from carbon atoms, which are incorporated into the glucose molecule during photosynthesis. Carbon dioxide is taken in from the air during photosynthesis and converted into glucose, providing the majority of its mass.
They usually try to collect tissue samples from the liver, so they would know of damage to the liver. They also test the blood for toxins so they would know of any drug they had taken.
Metformin is an anti-hyperglycemic. It is known as an insulin sensitizer in that it allows for glucose to be more sensitive to the insulin that a Type 2 diabetic makes allowing for more glucose to be taken in and used by the cell. Meformin also decreases the amount of glucose made by the liver as well as decreases the absorption of glucose in the small intestine.