Net hydrostatic pressure decreases along the length of a capillary due to resistance and filtration of fluid out of the capillary. In contrast, net osmotic pressure remains relatively constant along the capillary length, as proteins and solutes that contribute to osmotic pressure do not leave the capillary as easily.
Albumin and glucose have the same osmotic pressure because they are isotonic compounds.
The hypothesis that fluid filtration through capillary membranes is dependent on the balance between the pressure the blood places on the membranes and the osmotic pressure of the membranes. The law relating to the passage of fluid out of a capillary depending on the hydrostatic and osmotic pressures of the blood and the same pressures of tissue fluid, the net effect of the opposing pressures determining the direction and rate of flow.
The net inward pressure in venular capillary ends is less than the net outward pressure in arteriolar ends of capillaries because of two main factors: the hydrostatic pressure and the osmotic pressure. In venular capillary ends, the hydrostatic pressure is reduced due to the resistance of the venous system, while the osmotic pressure remains constant. In arteriolar ends, the hydrostatic pressure is higher due to the force exerted by the heart and the osmotic pressure remains the same. As a result, more fluid is filtered out of the capillaries at the arteriolar ends than is reabsorbed at the venular ends.
Osmotic pressure depends only on the concentration of the solute particles in a solution, not the type of solute. Different substances at the same concentration will exert the same osmotic pressure because the number of solute particles per unit volume is what matters in determining osmotic pressure, not the identity of the particles.
Iso-osmotic concentration refers to a solution that has the same osmotic pressure as another solution. To determine iso-osmotic concentration, you can use colligative properties such as freezing point depression or osmotic pressure measurements. By comparing these values between solutions, you can identify when two solutions have equal osmotic pressure and thus have iso-osmotic concentration.
Oncotic pressure is the pressure exerted by colloid particles. As colloid particles do NOT leave the blood vessels oncotic pressure is SAME in arteriole and venules.
0.9%
Solutions having the same osmotic pressures are called isotonic solutions
Potassium ions contribute to osmotic pressure by affecting the concentration of solutes in a solution. When potassium ions are present in a solution, they increase the overall solute concentration, which in turn increases the osmotic pressure of the solution. This means that higher levels of potassium can lead to an increase in osmotic pressure.
There is hydrostatic pressure within the capillary pushing the fluid out because fluid will always flow from high pressure to low pressure. At the same time there is something called blood colloid osmotic pressure which is the formed elements and larger plasma components such as proteins drawing fluid back into the capillary lumen by osmosis. The end result is that nearly just as much fluid that is filtered out at one end is reabsorbed by the time it reaches the other end. This is known as Starlings Law of the capillaries.What little excess isn't reabsorbed by the capillary will be picked up and returned to the cardiovascular system through the lymphatic system.
In this situation, the two solutions are said to be isotonic. This means that they have the same concentration of solutes and the same osmotic pressure. As a result, there is no net movement of water across the membrane.