In a cell what is the periplasm?

Is there periplasmic space in both gram positive and gram negative?

The periplasm is a region in the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria

What is the periplasm?

Periplasmic is the name given to the area that is immediately near to a cell wall or bacteria. The main function of periplasmic space is permeability.

Weblike membrane located between the outer and inner membrane?

The weblike membrane located between the outer and inner membrane is called the periplasmic space or periplasm. It contains the cell wall in bacteria and plays a role in protecting the cell from external stressors and providing structural support.

What is periplasmic space?

The periplasmic space or periplasm is a space between the inner cell membrane and external outer membrane of bacteria, or any other equivalent space in other organisms. It may constitute up to 40% of the total cell volume in gram negative species, and is drastically smaller in gram positive species. The space contains a loose network of peptidoglycan chains, as well as a gel containing hydrolytic and degradative enzymes.

Are methanogens gram positive?

Most are not. Gram positive archaea have a thick, single cell membrane. Gram negative archaea have two thinner membranes with a region in between them called the periplasm. The periplasm make make up 40% of certain archaea bacteria. The illustrated mechanisms of methanogen metabolism all require a membrane across which a Na+ and H+ chemical-electric gradient can be produced. This is not possible in gram positive archaea.There may be another mechanism of metabolism which yields methane. Those methanogens that make use of the substrates H2+CO2, formate, methanol, methylamines and acetate are all gram negative.

What is periplasmic flagella?

Periplasmic flagella do not extend outside of the cell's outer membrane, but stay wrapped around the inner membrane compartment of the cell. These bacteria move by twisting their bodies like a cork screw. For more information about this, check out the spirochete flagella.

What does a gram reaction of a cell refer to?

the Gram reaction is based on the structure of the bacterial cell wall. In Gram-positive bacteria, the dark purple crystal violet stain is retained by the thick layer of peptidoglycan which forms the outer layer of the cell. In Gram-negative bacteria, the thin peptidoglycan layer in the periplasm does not retain the dark stain, and the pink safranin counter stain stains the peptidoglycan layer. In other word,the gram reaction refers to how the cells reacts to the gram-staining process.

What is the function of porins?

Porins are proteins that are located in the outer membrane a bacteria. They function to form a water-filled pore through the membrane. The porin channel allows the diffusion of small hydrophilic (water-loving) molecules through to the periplasm.

Do bacteria contains cell walls?

Yes bacteria have cell wall and they are genrally classified on the basis of their cell wall and are of two type gram positive and gram negative and their cell wall are of following type:The Gram positive cell wallThe Gram positive cell wall is characterised by the presence of a very thick peptidoglycan layer, which is responsible for the retention of the crystal violet dyes during the Gram staining procedure. It is found exclusively in organisms belonging to the Actinobacteria (or high %G+C Gram positive organisms) and the Firmicutes (or low %G+C Gram positive organisms). Bacteria within the Deinococcus-Thermus group may also exhibit Gram positive staining behaviour but contain some cell wall structures typical of Gram negative organisms. Imbedded in the Gram positive cell wall are polyalcohols called teichoic acids, some of which are lipid-linked to form lipoteichoic acids. Because lipoteichoic acids are covalently linked to lipids within the cytoplasmic membrane they are responsible for linking the peptidoglycan to the cytoplasmic membrane. Teichoic acids give the Gram positive cell wall an overall negative charge due to the presence of phosphodiester bonds between teichoic acid monomers.The Gram negative cell wallUnlike the Gram positive cell wall, the Gram negative cell wall contains a thin peptidoglycan layer adjacent to the cytoplasmic membrane, which is responsible for the cell wall's inability to retain the crystal violet stain upon decolourisation with ethanol during Gram staining. In addition to the peptidoglycan layer the Gram negative cell wall also contains an additional outer membrane composed by phospholipids and lipopolysaccharides which face into the external environment. The highly charged nature of lipopolysaccharides confer an overall negative charge to the Gram negative cell wall. The chemical structure of the outer membrane lipopolysaccharides is often unique to specific bacterial strains (i.e. sub-species) and is responsible for many of the antigenic properties of these strains.As a phospholipid bilayer, the lipid portion of the outer membrane is largely impermeable to all charged molecules. However, channels called porins are present in the outer membrane that allow for passive transport of many ions, sugars and amino acids across the outer membrane. These molecules are therefore present in the periplasm, the region between the plasma membrane and outer membrane. The periplasm contains the peptidoglycan layer and many proteins responsible for substrate binding or hydrolysis and reception of extracellular signals. The periplasm is thought to exist as a gel-like state rather than a liquid due to the high concentration of proteins and peptidoglycan found within it. Because of its location between the cytoplasmic and outer membranes, signals received and substrates bound are available to be transported across the cytoplasmic membrane using transport and signalling proteins imbedded there.

What layer is beneath the outer membrane?

The layer beneath the outer membrane is called the periplasmic space or the periplasm. It is a gel-like region that contains proteins and other molecules, and it separates the outer membrane from the inner membrane in Gram-negative bacteria.

Spirochetes?

Spira = coil, chaete = hair 2) Gram negative, helical flexible cells 3) Unique motility enables movement through thick viscous environments (mud). 4) Flexible cell wall with "corkscrew" motility via axial filament contained within periplasm (endoflagella). 5) Difficult or impossible to cultivate. 6) Free-living aquatic; reside on or in animals. 7) Spirochaeta = anaerobes or facultative anaerobes 8) Leptospira = aerobic

What is the difference between Gram positive and Gram negative cell walls.?

there is only difference in gram positive and negative is of cell wall as :The Gram positive cell wallThe Gram positive cell wall is characterised by the presence of a very thick peptidoglycan layer, which is responsible for the retention of the crystal violet dyes during the Gram staining procedure. It is found exclusively in organisms belonging to the Actinobacteria (or high %G+C Gram positive organisms) and the Firmicutes (or low %G+C Gram positive organisms). Bacteria within the Deinococcus-Thermus group may also exhibit Gram positive staining behaviour but contain some cell wall structures typical of Gram negative organisms. Imbedded in the Gram positive cell wall are polyalcohols called teichoic acids, some of which are lipid-linked to form lipoteichoic acids. Because lipoteichoic acids are covalently linked to lipids within the cytoplasmic membrane they are responsible for linking the peptidoglycan to the cytoplasmic membrane. Teichoic acids give the Gram positive cell wall an overall negative charge due to the presence of phosphodiester bonds between teichoic acid monomers.The Gram negative cell wallUnlike the Gram positive cell wall, the Gram negative cell wall contains a thin peptidoglycan layer adjacent to the cytoplasmic membrane, which is responsible for the cell wall's inability to retain the crystal violet stain upon decolourisation with ethanol during Gram staining. In addition to the peptidoglycan layer the Gram negative cell wall also contains an additional outer membrane composed by phospholipids and lipopolysaccharides which face into the external environment. The highly charged nature of lipopolysaccharides confer an overall negative charge to the Gram negative cell wall. The chemical structure of the outer membrane lipopolysaccharides is often unique to specific bacterial strains (i.e. sub-species) and is responsible for many of the antigenic properties of these strains.As a phospholipid bilayer, the lipid portion of the outer membrane is largely impermeable to all charged molecules. However, channels called porins are present in the outer membrane that allow for passive transport of many ions, sugars and amino acids across the outer membrane. These molecules are therefore present in the periplasm, the region between the plasma membrane and outer membrane. The periplasm contains the peptidoglycan layer and many proteins responsible for substrate binding or hydrolysis and reception of extracellular signals. The periplasm is thought to exist as a gel-like state rather than a liquid due to the high concentration of proteins and peptidoglycan found within it. Because of its location between the cytoplasmic and outer membranes, signals received and substrates bound are available to be transported across the cytoplasmic membrane using transport and signalling proteins imbedded there.