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Class you MHC genes code for?
MHC genes code for the Major Histocompatibility Complex proteins. These proteins are essential for the immune system to distinguish self from non-self antigens and help in the presentation of antigens to T cells. The MHC genes are highly polymorphic, giving rise to diverse MHC proteins that enable recognition of a wide range of pathogens.
Why are HLA codominantly expressed?
HLA is codominantly expressed because this gives the greatest variety and therefore the biggest chance MHC will have to bind to a peptide. MHC class 1 can bind up to 10 peptides and it is anchored 4x which makes it much more strict in terms of ability to the range it can bind compared to MHC class 2 which can bind up to 50 peptides and only anchors 2x. e.g. If you only had your mothers HLA-A, your MHC wouldn't be able to identify whatever peptides that specific HLA-A (mom's) had the ability to bind to.
How is class 1 mhc involved in organ donation situations or bone marrow transfer?
MHC class 1 receptors have different genes encoding it: HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-C. Each gene come in two versions, mom and dad, so that is a total of 6 possibilities. MHC is highly polygenic and polymorphic. HLA-A has 59 alleles, HLA-B has 111 alleles and HLA-C has 37 alleles. 59*111*37*6*2 = ~3 million combination. The odds that you will exactly match the same alleles as a donor is almost none. So they try to match several of the most important ones and even then it is very difficult. If your MHC's don't match well the organ receiver's adaptive immunity (specifically T cells) will recognize the transplanted organ as foreign and reject it.
Major histocompatibility complex serves as the identification fingerprint for?
Well, there is not really a short answer for it: 1) there are 2 class of MHC: HLA/MHC-I: binds to CD8 T cells HLA/MHC-II: binds to CD4 T cells A physician has to check for a good match of the MHC subtypes in a transplation between graft and host. A good match reduces the risk of immune complications after the transplantation.
Do neurons have mhc class 1 receptors?
Yes, neurons can express MHC class I receptors on their surface under certain conditions. This expression is important for immune surveillance and can contribute to neurological disorders when dysregulated.
What is the difference between T cell receptors and MHC molecules?
T cell receptors bind to MHC class 1 molecules. MHC class 1 molecules bind to peptides (self or foreign) and present it to the cell's membrane. The job of a T cell is to decide what is presented on the MHC class 1 cell whether to leave it alone or to activate to destroy it because it is non-self.
When an antigen binds to a Class 1 MHC molecule it stimulates what cell?
Class I MHC molecules present antigens to cytotoxic T-cells (which are CD3+CD8+).
Difference between MHC class1 and MHC class2 molecules?
MHC proteins express antigens on a cell surface for T cells to identify whether the antigens presented are self or foreign. There are two classes MHC I and MHC II. They differ in which cells they require to activate depending on the pathogen present.
What role does the macrophage play in?
presents antigens of an engulfed pathogen in its class II MHC molecules to helper T cells, and releases IL-1
B-lymphocytes express both MHC-1 and MHC-2?
Yes they do. MHC 1 are expressed by all nucleated calls (except neurones) and platelets. MHC 11 are expressed by B-cells, macrophages and dendtitic cells. Therefore, some cells express both types.
Are MHC 1 proteins found on most cells of the body?
Yes, MHC class I proteins are found on most nucleated cells in the body. They play a key role in presenting endogenous antigens to cytotoxic T cells for immune surveillance and response.
Does thymic selection destroy MHC molecules?
Thymic selection does not destroy major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. Instead, it helps in the development of T cells by allowing them to recognize self-MHC molecules and self-antigens to ensure self-tolerance and proper immune function.
