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I am afraid is quite an in-depth subject.
in layman's terms, if you imagine a glass slide with lots of very small dots (500,000 of them). these dots (probes) are complementary DNA, which has been stuck to the slide.
If you then take a sample of mRNA (expressed DNA) from the patient and turn it into DNA (cDNA). If you then put that cDNA on top of the dots on the slide and incubate, if that patients gene is being expressed it will bind to the probes stuck on the glass. This binding to the probe causes fluorescence, which can be detected.
If you compare the expression patterns between a healthly individual and a diseased individual you can try and work out what genes are being expressed differently in that condition (for research purposes). If you already know a certain gene is over expressed in a disease (e.g. BRAC2 in Breast cancer), you can then diagnose the patient.
Likewise you can use microarrays to predict what diseases you may develop in the future - for example you may be found to have a gene found in Alzheimer's for instance.
This is a very very brief introduction to the subject and its very interesting, you may like to try the following link if you'd like some more information on the subject.
http://plasticdog.cheme.columbia.edu/undergraduate_research/projects/sahil_mehta_project/work.htm
What else can I help you with?
What is DNA microarray data analysis used for?
DNA microarray analysis is a technique used to match up two strands of DNA. It is used in paternity tests and in criminal investigations in which a perpetrator's DNA was found at the crime scene.
What is the meaning of CDNA microarray?
A cDNA microarray is a hybrid of a DNA microarray, which is a collection of a number of minute DNA dots. These are mostly used in the field of genetic testing.
What is extracted from cells for DNA microarray technology?
mRNA is extracted from cells for DNA microarray. the mRNA is then converted in the lab to cDNA this cDNA is allowed to interact with the probes on the microarray chip
What is the purpose of DNA microarray analysis?
Otherwise known as "microarray chips," DNA microarray are used to determined the genetic makeup of a given tissue sample. By shining various bands of light on these chips, the gene(s) in the tissue are expressed in the form of a particular color.
What technique could tell you how gene expression differs between individuals with and without cystic fibrosis?
DNA Microarray
What are some disadvantages and advantages of DNA microarray tests?
Advantages and disadvantages, microarrayAdvantages of DNA microarray tests include high throughput (lots of information with one test), and good coverage of the genome with the chips that have larger numbers of test spots. Disadvantages include incomplete coverage, which can lead to false normal results, and the ability to test only for unbalanced rearrangements (duplications and deletions), and not balanced translocations or inversions.However being high throughput and cost effective are the most elements for this technology, it still suffers lack of perfect processing methods and acceptable sensitivity as much as real time PCR
What are the steps of DNA microarray assays?
Step 1: Isolate the mRNA. Step 2: Make cDNA by reverse transcription using fluorescent labeled nucleotides. Step 3: Apply the cDNA mixture to a microarray with a different gene in each spot. Step 4: Rinse off excess DNA; scan for fluorescence.
What is DNA chip?
DNA chip or also called as DNA microarray is a collection of microscopic DNA spot attached to a firm surface. This is used by scientist to measure the expression level of the large amount of genes or to genotype numerous regions of a genome.
What is a list of the types of genetic testing?
There are three types of genealogical DNA tests, autosomal (atDNA), mitochondrial DNA. A list of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) is returned.
What are the pros and cons of integrating DNA microarray or chip technology into the forensic DNA laboratory?
Pros: High-throughput analysis: DNA microarrays or chips can analyze multiple DNA samples simultaneously, increasing efficiency. Increased information: Can provide information on multiple genetic markers, enabling more comprehensive analysis. Cost-effective: Allows for testing of multiple markers in a single assay, potentially reducing costs. Cons: Complexity: Requires specialized equipment and training, which may be costly and time-consuming to implement. Data interpretation: Results from microarray analysis may be complex and require specialized expertise for interpretation. Sensitivity: Microarray technology may have limitations in detecting low-level DNA samples compared to traditional DNA analysis methods.
Are there any home genealogy DNA tests available?
DNA Testing and Home DNA are both sites that sell DNA tests. While they can determine parents of a child the tests do not offer any genealogy information.
How does the technology of microarray work?
Microarray technology involves placing thousands of DNA or RNA sequences on a small chip. When a sample is added, the sequences bind to their complementary sequences in the sample. By measuring which sequences bind, researchers can determine the presence and quantity of specific genes in the sample.
