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in ancient Egypt they had a theory that there were 4 liquids in your body which were the 4 you listed. and if you didn't' have the correct amount of each one, that was the reason you were ill. if you went to a doctor and said you felt ill, they calculated since it was this specific time of the year, you needed less phlegm or yellow bile. if you needed less phlegm they'd give you something to make you sneeze. less blood? they' take some blood. less black of yellow bile? they'd make you be physically sick.

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