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Nucleic acid-related diseases are primarily caused by mutations or abnormalities in DNA or RNA. Examples include genetic disorders like cystic fibrosis and sickle cell anemia, where specific mutations lead to dysfunctional proteins. Additionally, viral infections, such as HIV and hepatitis, involve the integration of viral RNA or DNA into the host's nucleic acid, disrupting normal cellular functions and leading to disease. These conditions highlight the critical role of nucleic acids in both genetic inheritance and disease pathology.

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